Stock market competition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stock market competition - Assignment Example Only common stocks of operating companies are included in the index. This means limited partnerships, preferred shares, and exchangeable shares are excluded (Martin, 2009). From early February 2015, the S&P/TSX Composite Index has been experiencing a decline in growth. This is an indication that the market activities of securities listed on the Toronto Stocks Exchange have not been performing satisfactorily (Adu & Tsiyon, 1982). On Tuesday, 10th Match 2015, the Toronto Stocks market dropped further by an S&P/TSX composite index of 130.2 points to a value of 15,133.85 nearly across every major sector. Despite the decline in Toronto Stock Market activity, the Canadian economy has been experiencing growth at a yearly trend of 2.4 percent as revealed in the fourth quarter report for the year 2014. This was a higher figure than that forecasted by Thomson Reuters of 2 percent growth (Jeddi, 2005). This paper is a report of the six weeks’ simulation trading activities of the group. The trading activities started on 2nd February 2015 and ended on 13th March 2015. In order to give a detailed report, this paper considers the securities selected for trading, brief company synopsis, charts and technical analysis. The paper presents the investment strategy employed by the group and how the plan evolved and changed over the six weeks trading period. A critique of the employed strategy is also explained, and the lessons learned about speculative stock trading. The paper also gives a valuation of the portfolio’s performance indicating the dollar gain/loss and the percentage gain/loss. The group’s portfolio mainly focused on three primary sectors of the economy. The sectors include manufacturing, Information technology, and the financial sector. During the six weeks trading period, the group invested in ten publicly listed companies in the Toronto Stocks Exchange and New York Stocks Exchange. The ten

Czech Political Parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Czech Political Parties - Essay Example The upper house, or Senate, elects members every two years for six-year terms (81 total); the lower house, or Chamber of Deputies, has 200 members who are elected for four-year terms. The political parties often join together in coalitions to form a majority or other bloc of votes in the government. Five parties have 10 or more representatives in the Chamber of Deputies; one deputy is an independent (Czechcentrum.cz). More parties hold seats in the Senate, but only two hold more than 10 seats, the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the Coalition of Four (tykoalice), a coalition of four smaller political parties. The country's oldest political party is the Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD), formed in 1878 under the old Austro-Hungarian Empire. According to the official Czech government website, the CSSD helped in the formation of Czechoslovakia after WWI and merged with the Communist Party in 1948. It favors a "social market" economy but has also led the drive to privatize former state-owned industries, including the country's large telecommunications system. It is considered left-of-center. The CSSD is most popular with working-class voters in industrial centers, trade union members and public service employees. It is similar to the Social Democratic Party in Germany and the British Labour Party and strongly in favor of the European Union, which the country joined in 2004.

Pre-Modern Appalachian Essay Example for Free

Pre-Modern Appalachian Essay 1. How is Appalachia statistically different from the rest of America in terms of income, health, home-ownership and educational statistics? The Appalachian statistics includes the states of West Virginia, Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Tennessee. In these states 13.3 million people are living in poverty according to U.S. Census Bureau. The number of people in the region who did not have health insurance last year fell to 13.6 million from 13.7 million from the year before, and median incomes were up in all Appalachian states, where the median income ranged from a little over 36,000 in Mississippi to 68,080 in Maryland. (Appalachia Statistics, 2008). Nationally, the homeowner and rental Vacancy rate in 2010 were 2.4% and 9.2%. During the decade, the homeowner vacancy rate is increased 0.7% points, while the rental vacancy rate increased 2.3% points. (U.S. Census Bureau). The 2006 Mayor’s conference found that 51% of people who became homeless the year before were single men, 30% , were single women, 17% were families with children, and 2% wee un-accompanied youth. As reported in the â€Å"State of the South 1998†, the increased number of single parent homes, decreasing educational participation by males, high dropout rate, low numbers of bachelor’s degrees, the aging population and the changing workplace needs while Kentucky has made progress in the elementary and secondary area. Also post- secondary education and adult education/ the state still lags behind with too many under-educated adults. (South, 1998). 2. What does World System Theory contribute to our understanding of Appalachian distinctiveness? Social cognitive career theory provides a theoretical understanding of how cultural differences, resources, and barriers affect the vocational choices and actions of individuals from minority populations. (Bennett). By changing circumstances and recognizing career choices, can be limited by access to opportunities, personal obligations, and social barriers. Also, people living with severe constraints, such as transportation, communication, due to lack of employment opportunities. ( World-Systems). Regions under-development was due to its isolation from the modern world. Cherokee culture reacted to and was changed by incorporation, followed by a discussion of the ways in which capitalist values came to change social relations between in habitants of the world. World System is seen as an invaluable interpretive tool for reformulating the historiography of this region. Identification Terms: 1. Appalachian stereotypes in film- Appalachia is portrayed as stupid, ignorant, inbred people in society and has been the butt of jokes in movies, TV shows, comic books, cartoons, books, television and radio. This is where negative stereotypes reinforce negative attitude of the Appalachia Mountains and the people. Best way to explain: Jed, on the Clampets, found oil on his land shooting at a possum and the rich west coast banker and out of state corporation, made him rich! Truth is, Jed didn’t get a dime, they flashed a mineral deed at him and had the sheriff come and lock him off his own land. His children did have to leave to find work that much is true. This is how the mass media and the public view us as if we are so ignorant that they can steal our land, blow up entire mountains and turn our creeks orange on every western on television. 2. Development- To develop opportunities in life, jobs, advancement, education for betterment. We, as a society, also develop relationships with our children, parents, friends on a daily basis. It addresses issues of concern to developing countries relating to social and economic development. Development can also refer to land use, science and technology, social science, international and regional, Business and professionally, music. In the Appalachian Mountains, development would refer to change in the environment, family life and jobs. 3. The Ozarks- Native American people first inhabited the Ozarks 12,000 years ago. The Spanish arrived in 1500s, native people- Osage, Missouri, Illinois, Caddo tribe. French pioneers became the first permanent settlers but Scott Irish settlers who migrated from Appalachia eventually dominated the Ozarks and created a Appalachian culture. The Ozarks are located in the southern portion of the United States and occupies territory in the states of Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Arkansa. 4. Bushwhacker- In Kentucky, we consider a bushwhacker as a person who lays in wait to rob or kill you or both. A person who is up to no good and is usually going to jail often is a bushwhacker for stealing cattle in every western I have ever seen. A guerrilla fighter named after William C. Quantrill of the Civil War. He led an attack on 150 people, who were shot, killed, or burned to death. His men were considered outlaws by Union forces, but they became an official Confederate troop in August of 1862. William Quantrill was considered the leader of what was to be called,,† Quantrill’s Bushwhackers†. 5. Scotch-Irish- They migrated from Appalachia eventually dominated the Ozarks and created an Appalachian culture. They were considered the primary heritage of people of Celtic culture Scotts, Scotts Irish. 6. Pre-modernity- Pre-modernity tended to see the events of life as being the result of the laws of nature, laws that could be understood by reason or rationality. In Appalachia, you can find people who tend to live according to many cultural values of the Celtics. Christians are more likely to be seen in and out of church and compartmentalize their lives. Living in clusters and developing their own communities where they live by whatever the laws of nature give them and be able to rationalize the reason. 7. Internalization- To incorporate the cultural values, motives of another or group as thru learning with socialization. In school, students have accepted multi- cultural education more when they think their peers accept inter-racial dating. Working or spending time with people from other races can lower one’s level of prejudice. Smith and Bylunds ,(1983) survey found that Appalachians are less likely to believe that racism is a large problem in the United States. Appalachian students may be less receptive to multicultural education. 8. Encyclopedia of Appalachian- Is the first encyclopedia dedicated to the region, people, culture, history, and geography of Appalachia. The encyclopedia has a collection of history, artifacts, and folklore and cultural and behavior patterns of the mountains. Included are history of the first settlers and ancestors and how they lived and raised their families. 9. Appalachian Museum/Norris Tennessee- The museum is located in the town of Norris in Anderson County. They offer viewing of a collection of historic buildings filled with artifacts and folk lore associated with Appalachian. It was established by John Rice Irwin on 65 acreas. The museum has been featured in national travel magazines, the Smithsonian magazine, and national and international newspapers. One of the most popular events, such as â€Å"Christmas in Old Appalachian, which attracts hundreds of Appalachian people who are musicians and craftspeople will introduce you to the cultures, beliefs, craft-making, making of foods and jelly. 10. Settlement patterns- Appalachia was slow to develop any substantial urban pattern. It shared with the rest of the south an emphasis on agriculture-that continued after other regions of the country had begun their rush toward manufacturing and urban living. People tended to stay where they were, and as time passed they became attached to the land, family and community. Film: A hidden America-Children of the Mountains, a documentary on 20/20/ABC News. Feb. 10, 2009. For two years, Diana Sawyer followed four Appalachian children who sleep in vehicles, avoid thievery, alcoholism and despair of their family and conditions surrounding the family. What they did not emphasize was that one boy was determined to better himself and he got a scholarship from football to attend college. Or the mother who walked 16 miles roundtrip, four hours total to get her GED. Which she did!!!!!! Or men who work 9 to 12 hours, 6 days a week underground despite the safety concern since it is the best paying job in the region. Also there are teachers, social workers, doctors and dentists reaching out and helping a population isolated by steep hills and lack of transport. They even showed a dentist who had converted a bus and traveled into the mountains to pull teeth, educate people on the importance of dental care. But what was discussed was the reason so many teeth had to be pulled out was that they drank too much mountain dew. This was stereotyping at its finest!!!!Most people I have ever known that was so poor that they couldn’t travel to the dentist, certainly didn’t have money to buy soda for themselves and their kids. It was usually† soupbeans and taters†!

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Mr. Sam Toscana is a 70 year old client admitted to the ward with congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The client states that he has had increasing SOB over the last 3 days and his feet are as swollen as he cannot put his shoes on. The cardiologist saw him this morning and he admitted for management of his CCF. The client states he has had a fluid problem on and off for the last five year. History Age: 70 Allergies: NKA Ht: 165 cm WT: 75 kg Next of kin: Wife Maria Children: 1 daughter Mr. Toscana lives with his wife in the family home; they have lived there for 40 years. His daughters house is near by and she is very helpful and takes him and his wife to appointments. However she has 3 children at school that keep her very busy. They remain very sociable attending the local Italian club. He was diagnosed with CCF 10 years ago. Past History AF, Hypercholesterolemia, CCF, CABGs 10 years ago, ex-smoker, positive coronary artery disease family history. Medical Management The following about medications were told by Mr. Toscana: Lasix is not taken when they go outings organized by the Italian club. Digoxin is taken one in the morning (blue pills). Aspirin is taken in the morning with water. Warfarin is taken in the night and blood test is getting every couple of days. Perindopril is taken one in the morning for his heart. Observations on admission BP 95/50, AF pulse irregular 80, SaO2 93% on room air, Temp 36.9, R Rate 22 bpm, Crackles noted in the right lung base. This essay will explain the pathophysiology of presenting condition of Mr. Toscana. Secondly, this paper will explain what nursing assessment will be performed on Mr. Toscana and justify the framework for assessment chosen. Thirdly, education and psychosocial support will be offered on Mr. Toscana will be described with justifying. In addition, nursing care plan for Mr. Toscana with two short term and two long term goals including nursing interventions, rationales, and evaluations will be provided. Furthermore, diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana will be investigated. Moreover, this essay will perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided. Lastly, two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking will be discussed and including action, use (as discuss why this client been prescribed this medication), relevant interaction, three adverse effects, and three nursing points or precautions. Pathophysiology of the presenting condition of Mr. Toscana Heart failure is defined as a condition that results from some abnormality in myocardial function. The abnormality, whatever the cause, results in the inability of the heart to deliver enough oxygenated blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. When the right and left ventricles fail as pumps, pulmonary and systemic venous hypertension ensue, resulting in the syndrome of congestive heart failure (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Dyspnoea or shortness of breath, orthopnoea and pulmonary crackles are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion when left ventricular in the heart failure. There are two major consequences occur when the left ventricle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the bodys demands: signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. Increased pressure in the left side of the heart backs up into the pulmonary system, and the lungs become congested with fluid. Fluid leaks through the engorged capillaries and permeates air spaces in lung (Christensen Kockrow 2011). According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) edema appears in the body as right ventricular failure. Right ventricular failure occurs when the right ventricle in unable to pump effectively against increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. The right ventricles inability to pump blood forward into the lungs results in peripheral congestion and an inability to accommodate all the venous blood that is normally returned to the right side of the heart. Venous blood in reflected backward into the systemic circulation. Increased venous volume and pressure force fluid out of the vasculature into interstitial tissue or peripheral edema. Nursing assessment with justifying Christensen and Kockrow (2011) state that subjective data to assess Mr. Toscana include complaints of dyspnea, orthopnea or sudden awakening from sleep because shortness of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), and cough. Besides that, fatigue, anxiety, weight gain from fluid retention, and edema may be reported by patient. In addition, any pain such as angina or abdominal and the patients stated ability to perform activity of daily living needs to be documented. Collection of objective date includes noting presence of respiratory distress, the number of pillows required to breath comfortably while attempting to rest (orthopnea), edema (site, degree of pitting), abdominal distension secondary to ascites, weight gain, adventitious breath sounds, abnormal heart sounds such as gallop and murmurs, activity intolerance, and jugular vein distension. Blood flow to the kidneys is diminished, resulting in oliguria. Oxygen deficit in tissues results in cyanosis and general debilitation (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Education and psychosocial support with justifying According to Washburn and Hornberger (2008) heart failure is a complex, chronic illness often requiring major lifestyle modifications for patients and their families. Nurses play a key role in educating and counseling patients and their families about these changes. Education should be provided to patients about symptom and weight management, dietary and exercise recommendations, and medications. Patient should be taught the signs and symptoms of worsening congestive cardiac failure such as increased dyspnea, development or worsening of orthopnea, weight gain, and exercise intolerance or inability to perform the normal activities of daily living without increased fatigue (Fletcher Thomas 2001). The research shows that up to more than fifty percent of hospital admissions are due to noncompliance with both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment regimes. Non-pharmacologic therapies include a no added salt diet, which constitutes about two three grams of salt per day. Patients should be instructed to avoid foods containing large amounts of sodium, such as highly processed foods, canned foods, and luncheon meats. A nutrition consult is helpful especially if patient is overweight. Some patients may need to have their daily fluid restricted to 1.5-2.0 liters per day. This is a clinical judgment based on signs of congestion, fluid over load and weight gain. Patients should be instructed to weigh themselves daily or every other day and record the data in a log, which should be taken to every visit with the clinician. A weight gain of two to three pounds should trigger a visit to the clinician. All patients with CCF should be encouraged to exercise to improve overall physical conditioning. The established standard for assessment of physical capacity is an exercise test, which provides objective data regarding exercise time, distance, peak workload, and oxygen consumption (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Washburn and Hornberger (2008) state that it is importance for nurses providing education to patients with heart failure to have an understanding of the drugs used in the management of heart failure. So patient should be taught the name of each drug and its purpose, dosage, frequency, and significant side effects. Patients should be advised to bring all prescriptive and non-prescriptive medications to office visits for review and assessment of patients understanding of them. Nursing diagnoses include interventions, rationale, and evaluations for two short term and two long term goals (use the nursing care plan template) In Mr. Toscana situation, excess fluid volume is the first nursing short term diagnosis as edema, dyspnoea on exertion, and weight gain. The expected outcome for Mr. Toscana is fluid balance. Fluid balance can be demonstrated as peripheral pulses palpable, peripheral edema not present, orthostatic hypotension not present, skin hydration, and body weight stable. To achieve this expected outcome, patient should be weighted daily and monitor trends to monitor fluid retention and weight reduction. Serum electrolyte levels and therapeutic effect of diuretic are monitored to assess as a response to treatment. In addition, respiratory pattern is monitored for symptoms of respiratory difficulty for early recognition of pulmonary congestion. Moreover, fluid balance is monitored by monitoring renal function and intake and output (Brown et al. 2008). The second short term nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange as manifested by increased respiratory rate, dyspnoea on exertion and Mr. Toscana states that he has had increasing shortness of breath over the last three days. The evaluation for this diagnosis expects patient breathe easily, dyspnoea with exertion not present, oxygen saturation and respiration rate are in normal range limit. Nursing interventions include respiratory monitoring, oxygen therapy, and positioning. To monitor respiratory, auscultative breath sound, noting areas of decreased or absent ventilation and presence of adventitious sounds, to assess congestion. Dyspnoea and events that improve worsen it are also monitored to detect events that can influence activities daily living. Oxygen therapy such as administer supplemental oxygen as ordered to maintain oxygen levels and change oxygen delivery device from mask to nasal prongs during meals as tolerated sustain oxygen levels while doing activities daily living (Brown et al. 2008). Besides short term diagnosis, Mr. Toscana may be faced with long term effecting due to congestive cardiac failure. Disturbed sleep pattern and deficient knowledge are considered as Mr. Toscana long term diagnosis. Disturbed sleep pattern related to nocturnal dyspnoes, unable to assume favored sleep position, nocturia and manifested by inability to sleep during the night. There are six interventions for this diagnosis. First, determine patients sleep or activity pattern to establish routine. Secondly, patient is encouraged to establish a bedtime routine to facilitate transition from wakefulness to sleep in order to establish a pattern and decrease number of waking periods. Thirdly, adjust environment to promote sleep. Fourthly, regulate environmental stimuli to maintain normal day-night cycles to help promote sleep cycle. Fifthly, adjust medication administration schedule to support patients sleep cycle. Lastly, monitor patients sleep pattern and number of sleep hours to determine hou rs of sleep. Expected outcomes of those nursing interventions are uninterrupted sleep, increase hours of sleep, feelings of rejuvenation after sleep, and vital sign in expected range (Brown et al. 2008). According to Brown et al. (2008) deficient knowledge related to disease process as Mr. Toscana states that he has had a fluid problem frequently come and gone for the last year. Patient expects to descript of disease process, descript of signs and symptoms of complications, and descript of precautions to prevent complications after been educated. Patients current level knowledge related to heart failure is assessed to demonstrate areas of teaching needed. Describe common signs and symptoms of heart failure so patient will know signs and symptom of worsening heart failure. Patient is instructed on measures to prevent or minimize side effects of treatment for the disease as patient may be able to decrease number of acute episodes of heart failure. Family member or significant others encourage to include in teaching to provide support for the patient. (Would like to see the N Diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) the most noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating a patient with heart failure is an echocardiogram. Echocardiography is done to determine valvular heart disease, presence of pericardial fluid, heart failure as the percentage of end diastolic blood volume ejected during systole, and ejection fraction. Secondly, a chest radiograph reveals pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, and cardiac enlargement. Thirdly, ECG reveals cardiac dysrhythmias. Moreover, pulmonary artery catheterization is done to assess right and left ventricular function. Exercise stress testing is also done to determine activity tolerance and severity of underlying ischemic cardiovascular disease. In addition, laboratory tests include electrolytes, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana. Blood chemistry will reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine resulting from decreased glomerular filtration; liver function values will be mildly elevated. BNP, a neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to expansion of ventricular volume and pressure over load, is useful in monitoring chronic heart failure (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided (examples of risk assessment tools that would be appropriate) Firstly, since depression was a significant predictor of fatigue in congestive heart failure patients, fatigue patterns should be closely monitored. Congestive heart failure patients mood should be monitored for obvious disturbance, and if necessary, they should be referred to mental health or psychiatric practitioners for further assessment and proper treatment (Tang, Yu Yeh 2010). Secondly, according to Brown et al. (2008) nocturia is one of a risk assessment should be performed on Mr. Toscana. A person with chronic heart failure will have impaired renal perfusion and decreased urinary output during the day. However, when the person lies down at night, fluid movement from interstitial spaces back into the circulatory system is enhance. This cause increased renal blood flow and diuresis. The patient may complain of having to void six or seven times during the night. Thirdly, because the tissue capillary oxygen extraction is increased in a person with chronic heart failure, the skin may appear dusky. It may also be cool to the touch from diaphoresis. Often the lower extremities are shiny any swollen, with diminished or absent hair growth. Chronic swelling may result in pigment changes, causing the skin to appear brown or brawny in areas covering the ankles and lower legs (Brown et al. 2008). Discuss two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking Lasix or Frusemide is one of high-ceiling (loop) diuretics medication. Action of this group is potent diuretics that inhibit sodium, potassium and chloride re-absorption in the proximal and distal renal convoluted tubules, but mainly in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in increased water excretion. Frusemide is effective within one hour by oral, peak one to two hours, and duration on six to eight hours (Tiziani 2006). According to Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) one of indications of Frusemide is oedema associated with heart failure and it is reason why Mr. Toscana has been prescribed this medication. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) shows that non steroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce renal function and may reduce diuretic effect and increase risk of nephrotoxicity. However, low dose aspirin is unlikely to be a problem. The combination of loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors (Perindopril) may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced renal impairment, so renal function should be monitored closely (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). The first adverse effect of Lasix is fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Secondly, hypovolaemia and dehydration should be considered. The third adverse effect is postural hypotension (Tiziani 2006). Christensen and Kockrow (2011) argue that when patient is prescribed loop diuretic such as Lasix, it should be administered in the morning to prevent nocturia. The second of nursing interventions is monitoring for electrolyte depletion. Thirdly, sulfa allergy is encouraged to consider. Perindopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) is indicated for heart failure due to Mr. Toscanas situation. ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin on sympathetic nervous activity and as a growth factor (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors are hypotension, cough, hyperkalaemia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and renal impairment (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Following Mr. Toscana case, the first nursing point or caution of Perindopril is nurses need to know that heart failure is usually treated with a diuretic and digoxin in associated with ACE inhibitor. Secondly, patient is advised that a low salt diet may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure. However, potassium containing salt substitutes are not recommended because of the increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Thirdly, for patient with congestive heart failure, blood pressure and renal function should be monitored before starting and regularly during therapy (Tiziani 2006). Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive cardiac failure or congestive heart failure can be defined as the inability of the heart muscles to pump enough blood to all parts of the body, for example brain, liver and kidneys. Heart failure can develop slowly over time as the result of other conditions (such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease) that weaken the heart. It can also occur suddenly as the result of damage to the heart muscle.(university of Maryland medical center 2014) Congestive heart failure affects several organs in our bodies and it includes, heart, kidneys, lungs, brain, liver, skin and spleen. Then organ systems that are affected are, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, circulatory system skeletal system, and urinary system A brief overview of the normal functioning of the affected body systems. one of the body systems that is affected with congestive heart failure is the cardiovascular system, this system consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. Its responsible for pumping blood through the body as well as oxygen, nutrient, hormones and cellular waste. It regulates blood pressure through the contraction of the heart pumping and also helps to maintain fluid balance within the body. The main function of respiratory system is to supply blood rich in oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases usually takes place in the alveoli and the capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale. The circulatory system has its main functions as to pump blood containing oxygen and other nutrients around the body. the system consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system, the circulatory system contains of two loops of circulatory, the pulmonary circulation which transports de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium and right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen and nutrients and returns to the left side of the heart. The systemic circulatory which transports blood rich in oxygen from left side of the body and transports it all the body tissues. The circulatory system control the pressure of the blood as it travels through the body and taking away the wastes The urinary system consists of the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. its main function is to filter metabolic wastes, excess ions, and chemicals from the blood to form urine. They also maintain the homeostasis of several important internal conditions by controlling the excretion of substances out of the body.through this it regulates the blood pressure. After the whole process of urine formation is completed the ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder and later discharged in the urethra. The nervous system consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. Neurons transmit information through electrical signals to the brain. chemical help to bridge gap between one neuron and the other. there are several signs and symptoms of heart failure and they are discussed here below: Shortness of breath. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, this happens due to the back up of blood in the pulmonary veins which leads fluid to leak and build up in the lungs because the heart cant keep up with the supply. Tiredness or fatigue. This happens because the heart cant keep up with the demand of supply of blood to all the body tissues so u feel tired because its being overworked. Edema. There build up of excess fluids in the body parts because the heart cant pump all the blood as a result there is the excess build up of fluids. there is slow cardiac output. Persistent coughing or wheezing due to the build up fluids in the lungs as a result of heart not pumping all the blood out of the lungs. Lack of appetite , nausea this occurs because there is less cardiac out as a result less blood reaches the digestive system which cause problems with the digestion process. Confusion. This is one of the symptoms and the reason behind is because there is less cardiac out the nutrients also is less and not enough for the body tissues, which will lead to less nutrients like sodium which will lead to someone having confusions and impaired thinking. Tachycardia. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure. The increased heart rate is due to the heart pumping harder to meet the demands of supply of blood and nutrients to the rest of the body which is not enough.(American heart association 2014) sudden weight gain from fluid retention. Chest pain if the heart failure is caused by heart attack. Elevated blood pressure due to tachycardia as a result heart trying to pump more blood to other parts of the body. When critically analysing Mr wrights admission form it clearly indicates signs and symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. his circulation is not okay because he suffers from peripheral vascular disease which it can easily contribute to heart failure. secondly considering the loss of appetite which can be attributed to low blood supply to the digestive system. Checking his oxygen saturation levels which are low due to the heart failing to pump lots of blood out of the lungs which can lead to leak of fluids in the lungs. another sign is the confusion. Despite him having dementia but have low cardiac out supply to the rest of the body tissues can lead to confusion which is also a sign of heart failure. Well diabetes might be related to his leg ulcer considering the fact that patients who are diabetic at a certain stage they may have reduced sensation of the skin on there feet. They are nerve endings on the skin usually fails to detect any pain or sensation and as a result it can be a high risk of leg ulcer if the patient has a cut or blister on the feet it can easily develop to leg ulcer which can if its serious it may lead to amputation. for his case it might have played a role. In patients who are diabetic there might be poor circulation of blood to the feet which might be a contributing factor to his leg ulcer and finally the amputation of the left toe. Lasix (furosemide) is a diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in your urine(drug14).if you got excess fluids it helps to reduce them. it treats fluid retention in people with congestive heart failure, kidney problems and liver diseases. He is given the drug in order to get rid of the excess fluids retention. the systems affected by this drug re cardiovascular and urinary system. Conditions that are commonly associated with aging according to Mr wrights relevant medical history. Arthritis the inflammation of the joints, and creates pain and stiffness when moving these joints. Osteoarthritis is the most common in the elderly. when cartilage is damaged or worn out the bone rub on each other causing friction which causes pain when moving the joints. diabetes mostly type 2 which affects the older people though young people Can also develop it. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increase with age mostly over 55 years of age. Its where the pancreas produces insulin but its not sufficient enough to work effectively. Glaucoma is an eye diseases that results to blindness in the elderly especially over 80 years. Its a group of eye disease in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed. Poor blood supply to the vital optic nerve can lead to glaucoma.(glaucoma2014) Factors that may impact his safety whilst in hospital and when he returns home. Checking through his admission history and assessment increased level of confusion can be one of the factors that can impact his safety. He fails to remember because the low blood supply and low oxygen levels in the body which fail to supply enough to the brain and as a result this will lead to increased levels of confusion. He may not remember why he is in hospital, he may forget to take his medications as prescribed the correct dose at the right time and this is likely to occur when he is at home. Mr. Wright is receiving meals on wheels while he is at home, because of his loss of appetite as a result of congestive heart failure he may not take his meals and he can be at a risk of being malnutrition, which will eventually lead to a high falls risk because he will not have the strength and energy to walk. From the assessment it seemed he cared for his dog and as a result of being hospitalised he his anxious about the dog which can lay an impact on his safety. He is not settled at all and it may increase risk of more complicated health problems considering he has congestive heart failure. he worries a lot about the dog wondering who is going to care for it yet he is not well. While he is at home because of the level of consciousness which at time deteriorate he might just forget to walk with the walking stick at all times and combine with the nutritional problems he might be of high falls risk. Because he got glaucoma this might also play a role considering his safety back at home which can have a huge impact on hi mobility. Other health professionals that can be involved in Mr Wrights can and what services they can provide Dietician because he is diabetic and has lost appetite, the dietician would assess and provide the best solution to help improve his appetite. Physiotherapist would also be involved in Mr wrights care to assesses the mobility levels and recommend the best way of care he needs as fur as mobility is concerned. he would check if he is a high or low falls risk and provide the best tool to aid mobility. Optometrist would also be involved in his care, he would assess the level of glaucoma and check if its worsening or getting better and the likely impacts it can have on his levels of mobility. From the medical history he has dysphagia the speech pathologist will be involved to assess his level of swallowing if the problem is worsening or it has improved and make necessary recommendations so that when he goes home the meals on wheels can supply him with the recommended type of food that he can tolerate. An occupational therapist would also be involved in his care he or she will come in handy to assess the hazard at home and all the id tools that he requires in order to reduce any risk of injuries occurring at home. For example He may assess and recommend commode at night to avoid the walking to the toilet at night in order to reduce the risk of falling. A social worker will also be involved in his care considering he is at home alone with his dog, he might need home visits where the social worker will check how he is coping in the community and assess if he is socially isolated or he gets involved in the society, if family and friends visit him at all. The nursing documentation expected to be used in the care of MR. Wright are as followed. Admission form and passed medical history form. medications chart nursing care plan. progress notes allied health chart, ECG charts, observation charts fluid balance chart and bowel chart. References University of Maryland Medical Center 2014 viewed 18th sept 2013 http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/heart-failure#ixzz3CXXtD2EZ Virtual medical center 2014 last reviewed 7th may 2010 respiratory system http://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/respiratory-system/ Cardiovascular system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html Urinary system the inner body last viewed 2013, http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html#full-description Nervous system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html#full-description American heart association (2014) warning-Signs-for-Heart-Failure last reviewed 20/8/2012 http://www.heart.org. Australia, Diabetes. (2014, January 6). Diabetes and Your Feet. Retrieved from Australia Diabetes: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Living-with-Diabetes/MindBody/DiabetesYour-Feet/ Drugs.com. (2014). Retrieved from Lasix: http://www.drugs.com/lasix.html Australian institute of health and well being (2013)osteoarthritis http://www.aihw.gov.au/osteoarthritis/ Gabrielle K, Kate S and Jodie H (2013)theory and practice Tabbners nursing care 6th edition. Glaucoma Australia (2014)Retrieved from Glaucoma http://www.glaucoma.org.au/what.html. The human heart circulatory system:(2014)retrieved from Franklin institute: http://learn.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/circulation.html

William Goldings Lord of the Flies :: Essays Papers

LORD OF THE FLIES My report is about the very well known book "Lord of the flies", by William Golding. There are many characters in this book, but the most important ones are Ralph, Jack, Simon, Piggy, and Roger. When I read this book I discovered a great change in most of their personalities, especially Jack's. So I would say that they are all dynamic characters. Ralph, in the beginning of the novel, had a boyish personality. Then later on in the novel, he became much more mature due to the fact that all of them had to live in a more civilized manner to get a long and to survive while waiting to be rescued. Jack, in the beginning of the novel was Ralph's most powerful antagonist. Then later on turned against Ralph and becomes leader. Simon is a unique character in the novel. He remains largely uninvolved with any of the power struggles between Ralph and Jack. He was killed. Roger is very mean. He killed Piggy by pushing a big bolder on top of him. Piggy was the intellectual in the group. He complained a lot in the beginning, but later on became more mature. But, unfortunately, he was killed by Roger. The novel begins about a group of English people who are marooned on a tropical island when the plane evacuating them from atomic war-torn England crashes. So now this group of boys are alone on this island. Then Ralph called an assembly to talk to the other guys about making a plan to get along and survive. The struggle starts in trying to make rules for the group to live by. There were many more conflicts through out the novel. But the main conflict is the boys trying to get along with each other and survive while waiting to be rescued from a

Essay --

Dr. Ozegovic Human Development February 12, 2014 Infancy and Toddlerhood Growth and development for infants and toddlers have been deemed the most crucial time frame for proper development and learning. It is during this time that the body and mind grow, develop, and form very important distinguishing markers that will create the future of the person. In this time, it depends on how the child is taught, and who teaches the child that will decide on what the child will grow up to be. In this paper I will be talking about physical, cognitive, and emotional development. I will be discussing the different ideals that are thought to be the elements that build the child into the adolescent they will become. We will be meeting my son, Tot, who is you average everyday child, except for one point. He has auditory neuropathy. This condition makes him a bit different than other children. He is you everyday normal child, but I feel that the way he has developed is different due to the lack of understand of his condition, and the lack of communication. It in no way h as affected his physical development, but I feel that it has affected his cognitive and emotional development, due the constraints of a language barrier and lack of understanding. Physical Development From birth to being a toddler, the body goes thru several different changes and development stages. The different body parts will grow at different rates. This is described as the cephalocaudal trend, meaning head to tail, Exploring lifespan development pp.93. From the time the child is born the head makes up 25% of the body. By the age of 2 the lower part of the body eventually makes up to be equal to the head. The proximodistal trend is where the center of the torso grows outward... ...or example supports my son emotionally by giving him whatever he wants. He gets candy, and can watch tv at the dinner table. At bedtime, she puts him to bed and lets him watch movies til he falls asleep. My cousin, when she watches Tot, she lets him run around and do whatever he wants. Wake up, go to sleep, bathe, and others. In my home, we don’t watch tv at the table, we have a set bedtime, and we only allow candy at specific times and only as a treat. Looking at the impact of these emotional styles of raising, my son is a crazy child and runs around screaming and laughing when he is with my cousin. The emotional support he gets thought is minimal. He has separation anxiety when he leaves me to go to her house, even though we are strict at my house. Its due to the need children have for stability and knowing a schedule I think. In conclusion,

Introduction :: Computer Science

Introduction ============ I have been asked to create a solution to computerise a system for Super Sports who sell sports shoes. The system that I will create will follow the specification given to me. I will include some hand drawn sketches of the forms I will create. I hope for the system to be user friendly and easy to navigate throughout. The new system will have to store data, calculate totals and quantities. I will make use of command buttons and macros within excel to navigate and to record data. I will also make se of the following advanced functions. Macro’s Linked to Command Buttons On-Screen Help Filtering Data Use of the IF Function Pivot Tables The VlookUp Function I also need to make a web page that has pictures of all the available shoes with details and descriptions of all for sale. Also on the page I will give all these details plus the company’s contact details. I will include relevant documentation for this solution in the form of a user guide, this guide will aim to train the staff in using the software. Description of Development. I started off with a black spreadsheet form Microsoft Excel. I changed the background colour of the whole sheet. I added a selection of command buttons to the form to navigate through the system; I also added a title to the page. I then renamed the sheet to â€Å"Welcome Page† I than added some more sheets as I thought I would need them as I progressed through the application. I then moved onto the second sheet, which I called â€Å"Cost† On this form I used the â€Å"VlookUp function to link the shoe type with price, this will make sure tat the quality, shoe and price are all correct. I also used some validation on this form, in the type of list validation, this allows the user to select data from this list box only. I added a Command button to this page to navigate back to the welcome screen. I then created a total sheet, all this sheet does is hold the total amount of shoes sold. I then created the sheet called â€Å"Shoes† This shoes hold the prices per pair of shoes and the increment for the quality sole. The next sheet I made was the Orders Sheet, this sheet holds all the details of orders placed. It also has a graph which I have made to display the amount of orders placed. The final sheet is called customer Details, I have set this sheet up to store the details of all customers that place orders through super sports. Throughout this project I have used the following advanced features:

A General to Remember : Francis Marion “Swamp Fox” Essay

â€Å"Come, my boys! Let us go back and we will find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him!† That was the famous quote by Banastre Tarleton, a British general and soldier, who gave the â€Å"Swamp Fox† his name. Francis Marion was the â€Å"Swamp Fox’s† real name. Marion was born on February 26th 1732, in Goat Field Plantation in Saint Johns Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. When Marion was a boy, he set off to sail at the age of 15 but ended up being stranded at sea for a week before him and 7 other crewmembers drifted to shore stated in the online Smithsonian Magazine The Swamp Fox. Marion later joined the South Carolina militia just before his 25th birthday to fight in the French and Indian War, however, during this War; Marion took an interest in the guerrilla fighting technique and became a mastery of irregular warfare and rapid mobility. Francis Marion is an anti-hero because he was humble, used un ruly methods of attack, and was a father to all. One of Francis Marion’s actions that made him an anti-hero was because he was humble. For instance, when he joined the war; he did it to fight for his country. Marion was a man who was a priggish disciplinarian who dressed modestly, abstained from drinking, and forbade his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, said in an article named Francis Marion. He never expected any sort of popularity in return, but many people admired him and his actions anyways. An article from Smithsonian Magazine named The Swamp Fox, has a man named Busik, who has written the introduction to a new edition of Simms’ The Life of Francis Marion, based on facts alone he quotes: â€Å"Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War of Independence.† Not only was his humbleness an anti-hero quality, but also Marion used unruly methods of attack. He would fight in a guerrilla fashion to succeed in the wars he fought in that made him more of an anti-hero. Marion was promoted by the President and became a general under Nathanael Greene in January 20, 1780 as said in the book: Swamp Fox: The life and campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion was one of the first to ever take on the style of killing the generals or higher leaders first instead of the soldiers like the ‘rules of war’ were. On January 20th, 1780, Francis Marion became promoted to brigadier general under a man named Nathanael Greene, said in the book Swamp Fox: The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion got his nickname from a man named Banastre Tarleton because of his ways for guerrilla warfare and how good he was at them. Tarleton was frustrated with chasing Marion around through Ox Swamp and gave up saying: â€Å"Come, my boys! Lets us go back and we will find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him!† This was found in the NPS.gov article General Francis Marion. However, despite what he did fighting, he was a father to all. Marion had no children of his own, but treated his nieces and nephews and friends all the same as if he was their father. He cared about them and looked out for them, hence why he would forbid his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, which is again is said in the article Francis Marion. Marion was a father to all; everyone looked up to him and appreciated him for what he did and what he was like. Some people may say that the Swamp Fox wasn’t even a hero, let alone an anti-hero. People think that because of Marion’s guerrilla style way of fighting, he wasn’t a good guy because he went against the ‘rules of war’. With his fatherly ways, people took that as an arrogance thing. That he was stuck up and wanted to treat everyone as if they were younger than him. Others took his humbleness as another form of arrogance and thought of him as disgust. Because of all of this they thought of him as a villain instead of a hero. Though some people may have looked down upon Marion and his actions as a person, the majority of the people who know about him or knew him will say differently. Francis Marion’s ways of being humble, his fighting being an unruly way of attack, and his actions being fatherly, would still make him an anti-hero to all. A day is dedicat ed to Marion for his actions in the wars he has fought in. General Francis Marion Day, which is held on the twenty-seventh day of February, became founded in 2007 said on their official website Revolutionary History, Clarendon Country, SC. The Swamp Fox is a general to never be forgotten for the things he’s done.

Unit 1-7 Test

Question 1 0 out of 2 points | | | Most people can think at _______ times the rate at which most people talk. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 3 to 4| | | | | Question 2 0 out of 2 points | | | Defining a computer as â€Å"a programmable electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data† represents what type of meaning? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| denotation| | | | | Question 3 2 out of 2 points | | | The answer to all of the following questions can help you avoid self-fulfilling prophecies except:Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Why can't I compete with others who do the predicted behavior? | | | | Question 4 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following questions can help you find ways to become more other-oriented? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| all of the above| | | | | Question 5 0 out of 2 points | | | Self-awareness, an understanding of your core identity, isAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| all of the above. | | | | | Question 6 2 out of 2 points | | | Howard Giles' Communication Accommodation TheoryAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| claims that when another group is attractive and powerful, we adapt our communication style to their speech behaviors and norms| | | | |Question 7 2 out of 2 points | | | Immediately after listening to a short talk, most of us cannot accurately report _____ percent of what was said. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 50| | | | | Question 8 2 out of 2 points | | | Researchers suggest that _____________ percent of the meaning we generate when interacting with others may be conveyed through nonverbal behaviors. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 60 to 70| | | | | Question 9 2 out of 2 points | | | Your textbook presents seven key elements of effective communication. The first element on that list isAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Self| | | | Question 10 2 out of 2 points | | | ______________ is the ability to restate what people say in a way that indicates you have understood what they mean. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Paraphrasing| | | | | Question 11 2 out of 2 points | | | On average, we spend approximately ____________ of our communicating time listeningAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 40-70 percent| | | | | Question 12 0 out of 2 points | | | Why are many people confident when asked to sing in a choir, but nervous when asked to sing solo? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| fear of the spotlight| | | | Question 13 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following is not a characteristic of paraphrasing? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| the ability to repeat exactly what a person has said| | | | | Question 14 0 out of 2 points | | | If you are willing to stand up for yourself in appropriate ways to fulfill your needs, you are practicingAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| self-assertiveness| | | | | Question 15 0 out of 2 points | | | Immediacy strategies refer toAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| the extent to which you seem approchable or likable. | | | | Question 16 2 out of 2 points | | | Members of most work groups interact with one another at Hall'sAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| social distance| | | | | Question 17 0 out of 2 points | | | Which media was used extensively to report events and opinions during citizen uprisings and protests in Iran in 2009? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Twitter| | | | | Question 18 2 out of 2 points | | | A study by the Business-Higher Education Forum listed _________________ as the most important skill area for career preparation in college.Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| oral communication skills| | | | | Question 19 0 out of 2 points | | | What type of listening enables you to identify and understand a person's feelings or motives? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| empathic listening| | | | | Question 20 0 out of 2 points | | | Good listeners use their extra thought speed toAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| summarize main ideas| | | | | Question 21 2 out of 2 points | | | In Latin, the word credo meansAnswer| | | | | Corr ect Answer:| â€Å"I believe. â€Å"| | | | | Question 22 2 out of 2 points | | If the word â€Å"computer† evokes a negative image of an increasingly complex software nightmare that frustrates and infuriates you, what type of meaning is influencing your response to the word? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| connotation| | | | | Question 23 0 out of 2 points | | | Identify the function of nonverbal cues in relation to verbal messages in the following example: When David asks Elaine whether she was able to buy any more of the on-sale Saran Wraps, she nods as she says â€Å"yes† while holding up three fingers and says â€Å"three. â€Å"Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| repeats the verbal message| | | | | Question 24 out of 2 points | | | Mindfulness requiresAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| all of the above| | | | | Question 25 2 out of 2 points | | | Anthropologist Edward T. Hall identifies four zones of interaction used by most North Americans. Which of the followin g answers is NOT one of Hall's zones? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| business distance| | | | | Question 26 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements about the nature of nonverbal communication is described in the following sentence: â€Å"Depending on the circumstances and occasion, a laugh can be interpreted as amusement, approval, contempt, scorn, or embarrassment. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Nonverbal communication is highly contextual. | | | | | Question 27 0 out of 2 points | | | What percent of women in the United States feel unhappy about their weight and want to be thinner? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 75-80%| | | | | Question 28 2 out of 2 points | | | The Communication in Action feature in Chapter 6 explains that tattoos and body piercings can affect a person's credibility in all of the follwoing ways exceptAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| tattoos and body piercings have permanent and serious effects on a person's health| | | | | Question 29 ou t of 2 points | | | While preparing for a corporate job interview Richard pays careful attention to selecting appropriate clothing (including a long-sleeved blue shirt to hide his tattoo), reminding himself to smile and establish eye contact with the person who will be interviewing him, and answering questions in a strong, confident voice. What aspect of nonverbal communication has Richard failed to consider? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| none of the above| | | | | Question 30 2 out of 2 points | | | According to Hofstede's dimensions of culture, which country is ranked #1 in terms of masculine values?Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Japan| | | | | Question 31 0 out of 2 points | | | According to the 2000 Census, 75% of the people living in the United States were white. By 2006, _______________ of people living in the United States were white. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 56. 6%| | | | | Question 32 0 out of 2 points | | | According to your textbook, people who believe that t heir culture is better than other cultures or that their culture should be the role model for other cultures would be classified asAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| ethnocentric| | | | Question 33 0 out of 2 points | | | Identify the function of nonverbal cues in relation to verbal messages in the following example: You say the words â€Å"I'm angry† with a loud volume, forceful gestures, and piercing eye contact. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| accents the verbal message| | | | | Question 34 0 out of 2 points | | | The two most common fears among North Americans areAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| fear of snakes and fear of public speaking| | | | | Question 35 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following religions is the oldest?Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Hinduism| | | | | Question 36 0 out of 2 points | | | In order to maintain a positive self-concept we often try to make ourselves look good byAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| doing all of the above. | | | | | Questio n 37 0 out of 2 points | | | Research suggests that leakage cues (unintentional nonverbal behaviors) may reveal deceptive communication. Which of the following answers describes a leakage cue? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| higher pitch, vocal tension, and longer pauses| | | | |Question 38 0 out of 2 points | | | In which interactional context does a limited number of people, usually two, interact for the purpose of sharing information, accomplishing a specific goal or maintaining a relationship? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| interpersonal communication| | | | | Question 39 0 out of 2 points | | | The fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons is referred to asAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| communication apprehension| | | | | Question 40 out of 2 points | | | Marguerite is a conscientious member of her work team. her listening style, however, annoys some of the other members. She tends to be an impulsive decision ma ker who rarely weighs the pros and cons of her decisions. What is Marguerite's listening style? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| time-oriented| | | | | Question 41 2 out of 2 points | | | People who exhibit effective nonverbal communication skills tend to haveAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| all of the above| | | | | Question 42 0 out of 2 points | | If you are thinking about your upcoming vacation plans rather than llistening carefully to your friend's problem, you are preoccupied byAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| internal noise| | | | | Question 43 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following is the best example of an abstract word? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| fairness| | | | | Question 44 2 out of 2 points | | | A corporate CEO relates that when he fumbled his way through a speech and started to ramble, he noticed that he was losing listeners and then became even more unnerved.The CEO was reacting toAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| feedback| | | | | Question 45 0 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following statements is an inference? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| Rodney does not care about the group's project. | | | | | Question 46 0 out of 2 points | | | Your textbook defines communication as the process of using verbal and nonverbal messages to generate meaning within and across variouscontexts, cultures, and channels. Which term in this definition refers towhere, when, and under what circumstances you communicate?Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 3. context| | | | | Question 47 2 out of 2 points | | | According to your textbook, ________________ communication refers to the interaction of three or more interdependent people who interact for the purpose of achieving a common goal. Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| group| | | | | Question 48 2 out of 2 points | | | According to your texbook's definition of culture, which of the following groups of people meet this definition? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| All of the above| | | | |Question 49 0 out of 2 points | | | Anthropologist Edward T. Hall studies spatial relationships and how the distance between people communicates information about their relationship. He refers to this tendency asAnswer| | | | | Correct Answer:| proxemics| | | | | Question 50 0 out of 2 points | | | What are the distance parameters most North Americans use when interacting with close personal friends and family members? Answer| | | | | Correct Answer:| 18 inches to 4 feet| | | | | Sunday, October 7, 2012 8:04:08 PM CDT OK

The Decision of Johnson & Johnson Acquires Dabao.

The decision of Johnson & Johnson Acquires Dabao. Di Wang MGT 540 MI004 Professor: Arthur Annechino 20th February 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction4 The reasons of decision6 Decision making style7 The problem in decision making process8 Recommendations9 Conclusion11 Reference12 Executive Summary This paper is talking about the Johnson & Johnson Acquires Dabao. It starts with review the two companies’ history, and then shows the problem of them before acquiring.Further analysis of Johnson & Johnson’s decision with the problems that in their decision making process and also the decision making style that could be found in the acquisition. At last, give some recommendations to JNJ and the conclusion for this whole paper. Introduction Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) is an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturer founded in 1886. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and t he company is listed among the Fortune 500.Johnson & Johnson is located in New Brunswick, New Jersey with the consumer division being located in Skillman, New Jersey. The corporation includes some 250 subsidiary companies with operations in over 57 countries and products sold in over 175 countries. Johnson & Johnson had worldwide pharmaceutical sales of $65 billion for the calendar year of 2011. Among JNJ’s well-known consumer products are the Band-Aid Brand line of bandages, Tylenol medications, Johnson's baby products, Neutrogena skin and beauty products, Clean & Clear facial wash and Acuvue contact lenses.Johnson & Johnson came to China in 1985, but until now, in majority of the Chinese people’s hearts, it still stay in the baby care products. In fact, Johnson & Johnson brand in the United States has more than a century history, is the products supplier with most comprehensive and the most diverse medical and health care products and consumer care in the world. The strong outstanding international performance did not make Johnson & Johnson achieve the comprehensive development of a leap in China.Especially in consumer and personal care products, Johnson & Johnson has Johnson & Johnson's Baby, Clean & Clear, Neutrogena and other brands. These brands almost cover each segment of the cosmetics industry. But in each market segment, the market share of Johnson & Johnson's product did not reach the top ten. Johnson & Johnson seems to be considered as a niche brand, which makes JNJ very depressed. In Johnson & Johnson’s view, in order to catch up with other multinationals in China, the best and quickest way is to acquire a local brand and expand its own brand extension and channel coverage.Dabao is undoubtedly the best choice to achieve this strategic goal for Johnson & Johnson. Beijing Dabao Cosmetics Co. , Ltd. its predecessor factory is Beijing Sanlu Factory, is a state welfare enterprises established by the Beijing Government for the emplo yment of the disabled. And with as many as 35% of the disabled workers. The company was founded in 1958, 1985 converting cosmetics develops, produces, sells, and exports herbal cosmetic products in China and internationally. It offers various varieties of skincare, hair care, beauty care, perfume, and clinical series products.The company’s products include slimming creams, breast configuring creams, hair stimulators, senile fleck dispeller creams, eye-bag creams, anti-wrinkle creams, ginseng shampoos and conditioners, and ginseng both lotions. Its most famous product is â€Å"Dabao SOD cream†. It sells its products through department stores and shops. The company exports its products to the United States, Switzerland, Sweden, Greece, Tunisia, Bangladesh, and Cyprus. From in 1997, Dabao won the championship of the domestic sales of skin care products for eight consecutive years. In 2003, market share of Dabao in the skincare industry was 17. 9%, much higher than the oth er competitors. Dabao was trying to get rid of the low-end positioning, but the market performance is far from satisfactory. It seems that Dabao would never enter the high-end market in the industry. In 2004, its brand market share of negative growth, accompanied by declining net profit. Industrial output value and tax sales revenue declined slightly. The total profits and taxes in the decline stage, indicating that there was fierce competition in the market at that time, Dabao brand was facing the increase impact of foreign brands, price wars, increased costs, and many other heavy pressure.On February 27th , 2007, Dabao listing to start the transfer of 100% equity at a price of 2. 3 billion yuan in the China Beijing Equity Exchange. Its transfer form is equity overall transfer. Listing period, Johnson & Johnson (China) Investment Co. , Ltd. , Unilever (China) Investment Co. , Ltd. , Kao Corporation and other international well-known cosmetics companies to come to counseling and due diligence. Johnson & Johnson and Unilever are interested transferee. The Unilever offer only 1. 7 billion yuan, much lower than the listing price. Finally JNJ won at the price of 2. 3 billion, the equity transfer agreement signed on April 18, 2008.July 30, Johnson & Johnson completed the acquisition of Dabao transactions from Beijing Sanlu Factory and the Dabao employee stock holding committee. Acquired the 83. 42% of state-owned shares and 16. 58% of employee shares from both of them. The reasons of decision There are three main reason why Johnson & Johnson make the acquire decision. Firstly, in order to catch up with other multinationals in China, the best and quickest way is to acquire a local brand and expand its own brand extension and channel coverage. Dabao is undoubtedly the best choice to achieve this strategic goal for Johnson & Johnson.Johnson & Johnson can access to the business development department directly, gain the time advantage in order to avoid time delays in pl ant construction. Secondly, Reduce a competitor, and directly get its position in the industry. Thirdly, get the use of high energy market forces. The two corporate uniform price policy, earnings higher than the revenue they gained when they were compete with each other. For example, a large number of information resources will be available for disclosure. Such as accounting income data can be used to illustrate the profitability of the enterprise, lso can be used to evaluate the changes of industry profitability. The acquisition will bring Johnson & Johnson the efficiency of production and operation, the most obvious performance was to achieved economies of scale to help Johnson to improve the control ability of Chinese market. Dabao in the second and third line markets has a strong marketing network and great attraction. Dabao have the mature path in these markets , especially advantage in the wholesale field of the second and third line markets, there will be conducive to the ex pansion of the Johnson & Johnson products field.Also can filling in gaps for Johnson & Johnson in the field of low-end mass cosmetics market. Share the Dabao development experience can reduce the learning cost of accumulated experience for Johnson & Johnson. And save the enterprise development expenses. Low-end cosmetics is very easy to research and development, but to cultivate a mature terminal need to spend more time. So acquire Dabao no doubt go a shortcut for Johnson & Johnson. But its original intention is to clear away the barriers to enter the industry and the market to get priority in China.From Dabao’s view, Dabao acquired by Johnson & Johnson who is more efficient and the replacement of managers has become inevitable, management efficiencies will brought new opportunities to Dabao in the future development. Decision making style For the decision making style in the decision making process, first I found the overestimation bias. â€Å"Overestimation occurs when peo ple overestimate their performance, chances of success or control of the situation† (Bazerman & Moore, 2009, p. 91). JNJ has full confidence for acquiring Dabao company and they believe they will gain most of the market share after they acquiring Dabao.So they give a high price to buy Dabao company, at the price of 0. 6 billion yuan more than their competitor Unilever. Actually, Dabao was facing many problems at that time and even can not survival in the market. So JNJ should did more research for the background of Dabao, and consider that seriously then give the right price to leave more chance for its self to the further development. Another bias I found is the Motivated Optimism bias. The Motivated Optimism bias is the tendency to feel positively about a situation turning out well despite evidence that proves otherwise.This bias was reflected in the staffs’ placement plan that accepted by JNJ. JNJ was positively about giving the disable employees continue working in Dabao even thought JNJ knew that is one of the mean reasons that caused Dabao developed slowly. I also tell the cultural bias from this issue. First there are culture differences between the US and China in doing business. And the two companies have totally different cultural with each other. Dabao is a state welfare company. So there must have many culture issues that JNJ can not avoid.It seems JNJ never make any prepares for that and acquired Dabao in a hurry. The problem in decision making process Because the purchase price failed to reach an agreement, the negotiations had reached an impasse after entered into an equity transfer intention agreement. Dabao listed price 23 million yuan is five times its net assets, 3. 4 times sales. Dabao audited total assets of 6. 45 billion yuan, net assets of 495 million yuan. In 2006, the main business income of 676 million yuan, net profit of 41 million. According to the 2006 assessment report, the total assets of Dabao is 2. 26 billion yuan, liabilities of 295 million yuan, the owner of the equity of 2. 241 billion yuan. The data shows that Dabao listed price of 23 million audited is of five times as net assets of 459 million yuan, which is not a cheap price. The reasonable price should be about 1. 5 billion yuan. In the others’ eyes, the price is debatable, but JNJ still acquisition of Dabao with the price ahead of the competition’s price of 600 million yuan. Another problem is the staff resettlement problem. Dabao has a characteristic, Dabao is a state welfare enterprises with as many as 35% of the disabled workers.And according to Chinese law, employees with disabilities have not been laid off, which is one of the reasons that makes Dabao development difficult. The staff placement problem hindered the acquisition process for a time. Therefore, in the acquisition, placement of workers become the most central issues in addition to price issue. After negotiated for many times, the staff placement plan has reached a consensus. After the acquisition the Dabao employees still be the employees in Dabao’s original parent company: Beijing Sanlu Factory , continues to serve Dabao brand.The employees who have not get the new jobs or do not accept the jobs of the new company's will continue as employees in Sanlu Factory. Recommendations In my opinion, I disapprove Johnson & Johnson’s decision of acquiring Dabao. Before a company makes a decision to acquire another company, two main issues must be taken into consideration: to recover the cost of investment in a short period of time; another is able to play the role of complement and enhance their own original brand. Before the acquisition, the two companies are in the decline stage.Acquired Dabao company for Johnson & Johnson is a certain risk, if Dabao continued its downward trend after the acquisition , then it will certainly contrary to the original intention of Johnson & Johnson to acquired Dabao. That will not only exacerba te the problem of Johnson & Johnson’s products market positioning in China, and it will also affect the overall development of Johnson & Johnson. If Dabao can not become a listed company, Johnson & Johnson will be difficult to recover the $ 23 billion investment cost for acquisition Dabao. Also the difficulty of integration will be to some extent prevent the development of Johnson & Johnson.The huge capital injection and Dabao placement of workers problem will increase the difficulty of the Johnson & Johnson Development. National circumstances and foreign investment risk will be a severe test. The products of the two companies does not match, the future development challenges than opportunities. After the acquisition, the biggest problem is if JNJ could make good use of the Dabao’s channel resources, after all, there are too many differences and even conflicts of the management style between multinationals and local companies.JNJ valued Dabao’s channel resources , however, these are not the hardware resources, if JNJ could not make good use of these channel resources, that may cause the channels unrest as well as loss of dealer. So I think JNJ should maintain the independence of Dabao, make Dabao like its other subsidiaries in the world, became a separate entity, independent operation. And achieve the integration of sales and channel. Dabao has weak research and development ability, so JNJ retain Dabao’s original flagship product and at the same time research and development of new products, in order to seize the market.Johnson & Johnson should change a senior management team for Dabao. Conclusion In order to catch up with other multinationals in China, Johnson & Johnson completed the acquisition of Dabao, a state welfare company has many channel resources but also has develop issues. During the decision making process, Johnson & Johnson met many problems such as the price issue, the employees settling issue. Johnson & Johnson gave a high price and accepted the employees settling plan that came up by Dabao.I do not think that is a good decision for Johnson & Johnson to acquire Dabao because it is difficult to recover the cost of investment in a short period of time and the development will be affected by the issues appeared in the decision making process in the future. Also for the further development I give the recommendations of make good use of these channel resources, maintain the independence of Dabao, retain Dabao’s original flagship product and at the same time research and development of new products, and change a senior management team for Dabao.References :analyzing the reason of johnson &johnson acquired dabao. (2008, August 06). Retrieved from http://bbs. 55bbs. com/thread-1836669-1-1. html Beijing dabao cosmetics co. , ltd.. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. dabao. com/ Enterprise merger case analysis of johnson& johnson acquired dabao. (2012, August 09). Retrieved from http://wenku. baid u. com/view/af14c431a32d7375a4178039. html Johnson&johnson. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. jnj. om/connect/ Johnson &johnson purchase dabao a sudden change in the situation. (2011, May 27). Retrieved from http://wenku. baidu. com/view/763309976bec0975f465e271. html Johnson & johnson ranks no. 1 in national corporate reputation survey for seventh consecutive year. (2005, December 07). Retrieved from http://www. harrisinteractive. com/news/allnewsbydate. asp? NewsID=999 Klovee. (2008, February 02). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://johnsonjohnsonblog. blogspot. com/2008/02/introduction. html

Writing a Psychology Essay A Complete Guide

Writing a Psychology Essay A Complete Guide Many college freshmen don’t take essays seriously, associating them with assignments they used to write in high school. However, despite having the same name they are quite different. In high school, you could have gotten by summarizing a chapter from your textbook and throwing in a few original thoughts. A college essay is as serious a research assignment as a dissertation – just on a smaller scale. You should demonstrate that you have understood the material, analyzed it and reached your own conclusions. In other words, don’t retell someone else’s knowledge but transform it. In this psychology essay writing guide, we will tell how exactly it is done, step by step. Pre-Writing Tips Choice of Topic If you are assigned with a topic by your professor you will not have to deal with this stage at all. Only in case you are assigned a topic but don’t like it, you should ask your professor if it can be changed or modified. If you provide good reasons the decision may be in your favor; If you are given some freedom, choose a topic that will show your knowledge and abilities in the most favorable light. Choose a topic you are interested in. Are you personally interested in a specific area of psychology? Have you recently read about a fascinating experiment? Do you know something that wasn’t part of the course and can impress your professor? When you are genuinely interested in what you write about, you are more likely to produce independent ideas and do deeper analysis; Narrow your topic down. â€Å"Depression† is not an essay topic, it is way too broad. â€Å"Primary Causes of Depression† is a bit better but still too general. Aim for something like â€Å"Factors Influencing the Increase in the Number of Depression Cases among American College Students in 2010s†; Write your topic down and check if it poses a question. The topic mentioned above, for example, can be boiled down to â€Å"Why students get depressed more often this decade?† An essay is supposed to be an answer to a question – if it isn’t, you simply retell knowledge without processing it; Discuss the topic with your professor to make sure your choice is valid. As for more specific ideas, try these: Psychological concept, e.g. Flaws of Behavioral Theory of Leadership; Psychological disorder, e.g. Correlations between Eating Disorders and Suicide Risks; Type of therapy, e.g., Use of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in Depression Treatment; Area of human cognition, e.g. Causes and Consequences of False Memories; Analysis of a psychological experiment, e.g. Moral Implications of the Results of Milgram Obedience Experiment. Reinterpret the Title/Question The most important factor in your essay’s grade is whether you’ve managed to answer the question set in the topic. However, this shouldn’t be treated literally. If, for example, your topic is â€Å"Common Causes of Bullying in Middle School†, you shouldn’t just enumerate some factors that are commonly considered as such causes. You should evaluate the information available on the subject critically, review and discuss evidence and make your own conclusions. A good rule of a thumb is to rewrite any essay and title adding words â€Å"provide critical evaluation of the data† and â€Å"with reference to facts and examples†. Find and Read the Sources A number of studies suggest a significant correlation between the number of actively used sources and essay grades. When doing your research, make sure that you gather enough sources, but don’t add them purely to bloat your page. If a source has no value to your work other than being an extra entry, drop it. Proceed along these lines: If you are a given a list of literature on the topic, read it and make notes on info that may be useful; Start jotting down a rough plan of your essay. You already should define your main argument and single out a few crucial points in its support; Define the main authorities on the subject from the reading you’ve done so far; Check if any of them wrote a publication on the topic not mentioned in your list. You can always find up-to-date information on PubMed; Google your essay’s title and see if there are any reliable sources; Look in Pubmed using the keywords for your essay. Planning Psychology essays consist of the same parts as any other and follow the same rules. This means that you should let content words from the title/question lead you and organize the material you’ve gathered according to a traditional plan: Introduction; Body paragraphs; Conclusion. Jot down the main points that are to be mentioned in each of body paragraphs and what evidence you will use to support your points. Psychology Essay Writing Tips Introduction As a student of psychology, you should know about anchoring and adjustment effect: the first impression influences the final assessment. Most markers will form a definite evaluation of your essay after reading the first 1-2 sentences. It is much easier to make a good impression from the get-go than to adjust the first negative impression in positive direction. In other words, if an essay starts off poorly, the marker will be biased against it. And vice versa – if it starts brilliantly, the marker will be more likely to forgive some flaws later on. There is no single right way to write a good introduction, but some practices are universal. It should: Be short and focused, no more than about 10 percent of the overall essay size; Point out the main subject of the essay and the terms you are going to use; Describe the issues behind the basic question in the title; Chalk out your main argument and its structure. Normally it is best to write the introduction last, when you have the rest of the essay ready. Body Paragraphs The main part of the essay where you introduce all the new information, analyze it and try to find out the truth of the matter. This is the part you have most freedom with, but still you have to follow certain principles: Make a paragraph your primary unit of meaning. Every paragraph should deal with a single topic. If you notice that you’ve gradually moved on from one topic to another within a single paragraph, detach the additional point into a paragraph of its own; Don’t try to prove something. Your work doesn’t exist in isolation from the body of research done by other authors, and it is impossible to prove a theory in science. The best you can hope for is to find information that supports some previously made points – you cannot guarantee some new data doesn’t crop up to disprove your findings. It is especially true for psychology, because in this science the very concept of â€Å"proof† is very vague. Don’t write â€Å"This proves Jackson’s theory†. Write â€Å"This information is consistent with my theory†; Differentiate between sources of information. There are high-value, reliable sources (peer-reviewed journals) and low-value ones (newspapers, popular websites, bestselling books). The latter should be used sparingly, if at all; Avoid using emphatic language. Words like â€Å"terrible†, â€Å"ludicrous†, â€Å"unforgivable† have no place in scientific discourse. Let the objective weight of your evidence prove your point; Don’t rely on secondary sources too much and never cite them as primary ones. If you find a quotation from a publication in one of your sources and want to use information from it you should mention it â€Å"as cited in† your primary source. However, having too many such quotations looks unprofessional – if you use them extensively, get these sources yourself and read them. And never get tempted to cite them as primary sources – it is a very bad (and easily recognizable) practice. Conclusion When you’re done with body paragraphs, don’t just trail off. Introduction defines the first impression, but it is the conclusion that is fresh in the marker’s memory when he thinks what grade to give you. Don’t introduce new arguments. If they are necessary, find a place for them in the body. Summarize the key points and show how they answer they main question. If necessary, suggest ideas for future research. Don’t be vague: a sentence like â€Å"More research needs to be done before definitive conclusions are to be made† indicates that you have no idea what your study entails. Moreover – you haven’t even achieved any conclusion, i.e., didn’t finish your work. Indicate what this research is to be and why you think it is beyond the scope of your current task. Post-Writing Revision Most students write their essays and believe that their job ends there. As a result, their grades often suffer due to mistakes and flaws that could have been corrected through only a superficial revision. Meanwhile, skilled writers spend just as much if not more time rereading, proofreading, correcting and revising their essays than they spent on writing per se. However, it is not the time you spend revising nor the number of revisions but rather how you approach the job. Let your essay cool off – let at least one night pass between finishing a draft and revising it; Revise according to a checklist (more on it a little later); Have somebody else read your essay and ask them for detailed criticism. Specify that you don’t mind getting a negative review. You may ask a friend or even hire a professional proofreading service; The more people you ask for opinions, the better. Unfortunately, most psychology students understand revision as merely checking their writing for grammar and spelling mistakes. However, they mix it up with editing, which is just a part, and the least important one, of revision. Revision checklist is a list of questions you have to ask yourself when revising the first draft of your essay. Ideally, you should reread your essay at least twice, each time concentrating on different aspects: Structure and Content Revision Does the essay’s structure work as intended? Does the introduction serve as an effective hook for the reader? Do essay parts interconnect logically? Is each paragraph limited to a single point? Are the transitions between points smooth? Is the conclusion effective at summing things up? How relevant is your argumentation for the primary issue of the essay? Are the issues clearly expressed and analyzed? Does your argumentation have any obvious weak spots? Do you address them? Are there any issues left uncovered? Do you supply all your arguments with relevant evidence? Are you truly critical when reviewing the evidence? Do you look at things from your opponent’s point of view? Do you show signs of bias? Style Revisions Don’t try to make your writing appear more scientific by using long words and psychological terminology and jargon. The ability to discuss complicated subjects in simple language is a skill you should try to develop early on; Don’t introduce more than one significant point per paragraph in the body of the essay; Use active voice whenever possible. Make exceptions only for the situations in which the actor is secondary to the action; Avoid long sentences, cut them into shorter ones when possible. As a variant, alternate sentence length: a longer one per 2 or 3 shorter ones; Eliminate clichà ©s, repetitions and vague generalized expressions; Cut mercilessly. You may want to reread the essay one more time for this purpose alone: if a word, sentence or an entire paragraph is not necessary to understand the point, get rid of it. It is probably the single most important part of revising. What Should Be Cut without Hesitation: Our Writers Know for Sure If you cannot reach your word count with meaningful content, you should do additional research. Filler text not only does a poor job at masking the lack of meaningful content but also can turn into a bad habit that is very hard to break. Redundant nouns: e.g., â€Å"The interference facilitated the process of transformation†; Redundant verbs. Verbs â€Å"to do†, â€Å"to make†, â€Å"to have† and â€Å"to be† are often used with nouns that have their own verb forms (do research, have an inclination, make an upgrade); Weak modifiers. These words add nothing to the meaning of a sentence: usually, somewhat, pretty, quite, rather, normally, really, etc. And finally – if you find that you don’t like how your essay turns out and still have free time, don’t hesitate to cut entire parts of it or start from scratch. Your purpose here is not to get rid of an assignment but to get the best possible grade – and the more you practice, the more likely you are to impress your tutors!

The Great Chicago Fire

The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was one of the largest disasters in American history. Practically overnight the great city of Chicago was destroyed. Before the fire there was a large drought causing everything to be dry and flammable, then a fire broke out in the OLearys barn and spread throughout the city. Many attempts were made to put out the fire but there were too many errors and problems in the beginning. After the fire many people were left homeless and had to help build their city again. Before the fire broke out on Sunday night, October 8, 1871 there had been a large drought causing everything to be dry and extremely flammable. Many fires had been breaking out in Chicago. Records show that in 1870 the fire fighters went to nearly 600 fires. On Saturday night there had been a large fire that destroyed about four blocks and lasted for 16 hours. Another reason why everything in Chicago was so flammable was because almost the entire city was made out of wood. It was a lot worse in the middle class and poor sections of the town. (1, p.19) Just about every house was made out of wood. Even buildings that claimed to be fire proof had wood roofs covered with tar. The richer part of town had stone and brick homes, but wooden interiors, wooden stables, and wooden storage buildings. (2, p.81) Chicago was built on marshland and every time it rained the city flooded, so to help this problem the roads were made out of wood and elevated above the waterline. The d! ay the fire started there were over 55 miles of pine-block street and 600 miles of wooden sidewalks. Chicago in 1871 was a city ready to burn, according to Jim Murphy, author of The Great Fire. (1, p.18) It was Sunday October 8th about 8:45pm, when Daniel Peg Leg Sullivan went to visit the OLearys house only to find out they were asleep. So Sullivan walked across the street to Thomas Whites house and sat d...

STATISTIC essays

STATISTIC essays The first variable analyzed was Race. Races level of measurement was nominal. For this case there were no missing cases, and 149 valid cases. 57% of the cases were white, more than half. Whites had the highest frequency of 85. The next frequency was blacks with 55. While Latino, Asian, Native American, and other frequencies totaled 9. The second variable was Status of Air Quality. Most agreed frequency of 51, that the air quality was poor. This represents 34.2% of the population. The next highest frequency was 47. These people believed the air quality is average or fair. However 52.9% of the population believes the air quality is average, good, or very good. Six people did not care three were not available and 3 did not care. This is an ordinal level of measurement. The last variable was Tenure in city. This is an interval ratio level of measurement variable. The highest year of living in the city was 80. However only 1 person dwelled in the city for this long of a period. The highest frequency was 10, who answered living in the city 5 years. Each variable went deeper into thought. The first variable was just listed, but the second was ranked. The third variable had the largest set of numbers. This is not a good study to represent the city because only 149 cases were used. The nominal variable represents the Respondent Sex. 788 valid cases were made and 0 were missing. 327 of those cases were males. This means men represented 41.5%, and women 58.5%. The pie chart was used because this is an easy graph for people to understand. The ordinal variable measurement represents the variable Political Party Identification. The opinion were ranked in the most frequent was not strong democrat, 153. The second highest frequency was 148, not strong republican. Only 8 or 1% was neither democrat, independent, or republican. The Democratic Party however had the largest representation of 363. The last variable, highest year o...

D para trabajar en cruceros en Estados Unidos

Visa C1/D para trabajar en cruceros en Estados Unidos La visa C1/D, tambià ©n conocida como de tripulacià ³n/trnsito, es utilizada por las personas contratadas por cruceros para poder transitar y embarcar en Estados Unidos. En este paà ­s la industria turà ­stica de los cruceros es enorme. Ms de 20 millones de personas se embarcan al aà ±o en un puerto de los Estados Unidos para disfrutar de sus vacaciones. En este contexto se precisan trabajadores en distintos mbitos (meseros, limpieza, entretenimiento, cocineros, barmans, belleza, mantenimiento, etc.). Entre las empresas de cruceros que necesitan un flujo continuado de trabajadores (tripulantes) se encuentran: AIDA Cruises, Azamara Club, Carnival Cruises Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Costa Cruises Lines, Cunard Line, Disney Cruise Line, Holland America line, MSC Cruises USA, Norwegian Cruise line, Princess Cruises y Royal Caribbean International. Y muchas de estas empresas contratan a trabajadores en otros paà ­ses, directamente o a travà ©s de agencias autorizadas. Cà ³mo se solicita la visa C1/D Primero se necesita pasar por un proceso de seleccià ³n y ser contratado por la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a del barco crucero en el que se va a trabajar. Es indispensable tener una carta oficial en la que se especifica que se ha sido contratado y presentarla en la Embajada o consulado en la que se tramita la visa. A continuacià ³n, llenar por internet el formulario DS-160. Est en inglà ©s, si no se entiende bien ese idioma ir  al ToolTip en la parte superior derecha de la pgina y elegir la opcià ³n de espaà ±ol. Si asà ­ se hace al poner poner el cursor sobre la pregunta aparecer la misma traducida al espaà ±ol. Dependiendo del consulado lo ms comà ºn es que hay que subir una foto digital durante este proceso. En algunas ubicaciones la foto se lleva a la entrevista. Fijarse bien en lo que se pide en cada caso. Al finalizar de llenar el formulario, imprimir la confirmacià ³n ya que este es un documento esencial que hay que llevar ms tarde a la entrevista en la Embajada o Consulado. Seguir las instrucciones que se indican al llenar el formulario para el pago del arancel (cancelacià ³n), en cada paà ­s se siguen reglas distintas, pero como al iniciar a llenar el documento se elige la ubicacià ³n pues simplemente se siguen las instrucciones a este respecto. Sin pago del arancel no ser posible realizar la cita para la entrevista. En la actualidad el costo de la visa C1/D es de $160 (aunque en algunos paà ­ses es ms por criterios de reciprocidad). Es posible, pero no ocurre siempre, que la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a reembolse esa cantidad. En algunos consulados tambià ©n ser necesario hacer una cita para que le tomen las huellas digitales antes de la entrevista. A continuacià ³n se programa una cita. En muchos consulados es necesario registrarse con un servicio de courier (mensajerà ­a), ya que si la visa es aprobada se enviar por este medio. Seguir las instrucciones cuando se llena el formulario DS-160. Entrevista en el consulado o Embajada El dà ­a de la cita a la hora programada, llevar: Pgina de confirmacià ³n del DS-160Una foto (a menos que se haya tenido que enviar digitalmente al llenar el DS-160, cada consulado tiene sus propias reglas).Pasaporte vigente en buen estado. Las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as de cruceros piden, en general, que la vigencia sea de al menos por un aà ±o.Pgina de registro con courier, cuando es necesario.Una carta formal del empleador con membrete impreso de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a, lo ms especà ­fica posible.Tambià ©n llevar documentacià ³n que sirva para probar que se tiene la intencià ³n de no quedarse en Estados Unidos (lo que sirva para probar lazos fuertes econà ³micos o familiares en el paà ­s de residencia). Tambià ©n se puede pedir demostrar que se tiene dinero suficiente para pagar el boleto para unirse a la nave en la que se va a trabajar, si esta parte de un puerto en USA. La visa C1/D es una visa no inmigrante y el oficial consular puede negarla si considera que el solicitante es inadmisible. Adems, o bien el dà ­a de la entrevista o bien antes (dependiendo del consulado) se tomarn las huellas del solicitante. Los là ­mites de la visa C1/D La visa C1/D es vlida por el tiempo que se especifica en la misma. Si caduca antes el pasaporte viajar con el nuevo y tambià ©n con el expirado en el que se encuentra la visa. La visa C1/D, aà ºn cuando està © sin expirar, no puede ser empleada para emplearse legalmente en Estados Unidos en otro tipo de trabajos (sà ­ que se puede cambiar de cruceros). Por ejemplo, un mesero contratado para un crucero con ese visado no puede quedarse en tierra para trabajar en un restaurante sin antes   obtener una visa distinta una que permita trabajar (lo cual no va a ser nada fcil). Tampoco sirve para permanecer en Estados Unidos si no hay un contrato vigente con una compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de cruceros. El problema de la visa C1 En algunos aspectos se considera que es una visa que puede ser problemtica porque no permite ajustar el estatus a las personas que entraron a los Estados Unidos utilizando ese tipo de visado. Eso quiere decir que si una persona ingresa con la C1 y decide quedarse en el paà ­s puede tener un problema grande si su estancia ilegal supera los 180 dà ­as, y mucho ms si supera el aà ±o. Asà ­, aunque se casase con un ciudadano americano o con un residente permanente legal o tuviera una ofera para una visa de trabajo o un empleador estuviese dispuesto a patrocinar una tarjeta de residencia no podrà ­a ajustar el estatus y tendrà ­a que salir del paà ­s. Y ahà ­ vendrà ­a el problema. Al salirse aplica el castigo de los tres y de los diez aà ±os y durante ese tiempo no podrà ­a regresar, excepto que pudiera pedir y ganar una waiver I-601, que no es fcil conseguirla. Ni siquiera pueden arreglar los papeles por medio del Parole in Place que aplica a los esposos de ciudadanos que son militares.   Para las personas que entrar con una C1 y se quedan en el paà ­s hay muy pocas opciones: asilo, cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n o withholding of removal. Pero son todas muy especà ­ficas y no fciles de obtener. Por estas razones, si tienes una C1 y ests pensando en quedarte en los Estados Unidos hazte un favor a ti mismo y consulta tu caso con un abogado de inmigracià ³n y entiende bien los problemas que pueden derivar de una decisià ³n de ese tipo. Cunto se gana trabajando en un crucero Estos son los salarios medio para tripulantes de crucero segà ºn tipo de profesià ³n que se desempeà ±e. Tambià ©n se incluye un listado de agencias especializadas en encontrar trabajo en cruceros a trabajadores extranjeros. Otras opciones de trabajo Puede considerarse las visas H-2A para trabajar como temporero en la agricultura o la visa H-2B que permite desempeà ±arse en labores tipo ferias, resorts de verano o invierno y similares. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.