Cyrus s Role Of Disney Channels Hannah Montana - 1428 Words

In recent years Miley Cyrus has become notorious for outlandish, provocative, and often times unsettling performances. Miley Cyrus, the daughter of country singer Billy Ray Cyrus rose to stardom in 2006 when she was the lead role of Disney Channels Hannah Montana. Cyrus appeared to be a wholesome teen with a squeaky clean image until September 2012. Cyrus debuted short, platinum blonde hair at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. Additionally, she emerged with a considerably new edgy look wearing an all black, silk Emilio Pucci gown with a low cut detail revealing cleavage. It was apparent that Cyrus was making an effort to disassociate herself from the image she had portrayed for years. In the years following, Cyrus has become well-known†¦show more content†¦Everything that s legal, I m down with. Yo, I m down with any adult - anyone over the age of 18 who is down to love me. I don’t relate to being a boy or girl, and I don’t have to have my partner relate to boy or girl.† It is astonishing that this is the same Miley who wore a purity ring and declared she was abstaining from sex until marriage. Cyrus publicly kissed women such as Katy Perry, Stella Maxell, Frankie Rayder, Brooke Candy, as well as others. In society women are expected to be passive and have long hair, Miley Cyrus has short hair and is anything but passive. Moreover, Cyrus is the utter opposite of a gender norm. Cyrus was born in Tennessee and her Ethnicity is English, Scottish, Irish, French, Dutch German, and Welsh. Despite her Ethnicity Cyrus frequently wears grills and dreadlocks Cyrus has been quoted as saying she deliberately wants her album to have a â€Å"black sound†. During Cyrus’ peculiar 2013 MTV Video Music Awards performance, she exploited black woman. These women whom all had large backsides were dressed up as teddy bears. Cyrus made sexual gestures towards one of the backup dancers and Americans were exceptionally bothered and the performa nce was quickly labeled as racist. Sexuality is a considerably large part of Miley Cyrus’ image. Miley Cyrus identifies as pansexuality which is described as a person who is attracted to any sex or gender

Essay about Modern History - Decline and Fall of the Romanov

MODERN STUDY NOTES: TITLE SUBHEADING NOTES Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty Nicholas II as an Autocrat Nicholas II: Weak and indecisive leader; gentle. Uneducated. Tsar refused to move with times; see changes and reforms. Close relations with Queen Victoria. Manipulated/Heavily influenced by wife Tsarina Alexandra. Austrian princess – granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Pressured Nicholas to preserve autocracy. Autocracy: Russian 1900’s – Tsar + family ruled completely – no democracy. King was religious AND political leader: - Divine rule (put on Earth by God to govern). Tsar was â€Å"appointed by God† to rule as his representative on Earth. Most countries = constitutional monarchy – power shift monarchyï‚ ®people. Russian†¦show more content†¦After massacre fled to Switzerland and later UK making contact with Lenin (left-wing). Joined Socialist Revolutionary Party who later killed him – suspected of being double agent. Outcomes of Massacre: 400,000 people went on strike – crippling economy. Transport system stopped working. Grand Duke Surgei, Tsar’s uncle, murdered. 1905 Revolution 1905 Revolution: To what extent could this be considered a revolution? Government not overthrown – Further 12 years before Royal Family overthrown. Lost affection of Russian people –Called into question the Tsarist system for first time. Strikes spreading throughout Russia – workers formed soviets (unions). - Demanded better working conditions – co-ordinated major strikes crippling Russian economy. Opposition not united. October Manifesto 1905 Tsars formal response to 1905 Revolution; brief, vague document – promised freedom of speech, assembly and association. Introduction of Duma or Parliament – Universal male suffrage (voting). Significance: Admission Tsar was no longer autocrat (divine ruler from above). Weakness: Failed to address; poverty, low wages and poor working conditions; Duma rubber stamp parliament. Duma (Parliament): Mass Participation: Voting rights for men. Law: All laws to be confirmed by Duma. People under false impression they were involved in politics. Large concession by Royal Family to even let people think they hadShow MoreRelatedThe Role of the Bolsheviks for the Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty.2091 Words   |  9 PagesModern History Research Essay: The Russian Revolution (Task 1) Assess the role of the Bolsheviks for the decline and fall of the Romanov dynasty. The beginning of the 20th century brought radical changes to the social and political structure of autocratic Russia. It was a period of regression, reform, revolution and eradication. Eradication of a blood line that had remained in rule for over 300 years; the Romanov Dynasty. The central figure of this eradication was Tsar Nicholas II, often describedRead MoreWriting the History of the World Essay examples736 Words   |  3 PagesWriting the History of the World To write a history of the world, one must begin at a point when the world is shifting from the remnants of old empires into the modern or at least the pre modern world as we know it. During the 15th century, we begin to see a change; Europe climbs out of the Middle Ages, tosses off its religious shackles and starts evolving. The Europeans set sail and we start to see well-documented evidence of other cultures and religions. The AmericansRead MoreGeneral and Political History of Russia1754 Words   |  8 Pages 1. Introduction This assignment aims to establish the foundation for the understanding of how history has played a role in defining and redefining the Russian society. By looking at the general history and the political systems of the past, this assignment will highlight events that influenced the emergence of these systems and the current government systems instated. This assignment will examine the way in which the Russian government operates and will therefore highlight the political ideologiesRead MoreInside a Totalitarian Regime: Key features of Stalinism Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesenabled an unprecedented renewal of the elites and led to a remarkable social transformation thanks to an eased upward mobility. However, despite its proletarian origins, the new Soviet elite’s lifestyle would have been considered bourgeois in the Romanov Empire: â€Å"the emergence in the 1930’s of a privileged new elite whose values would have been labeled â€Å"bourgeois† a decade earlier.† (Fitzpatrick 1992, 216). The Stalinist Cultural Revolution created new elites who owed their upward social mobilityRead MoreRussian Crisis6897 Words   |  28 Pagesfinancial markets into models with purchasing power parity. These models can be grouped into three generations, each of which is intended to explain specific aspects that lead to a currency crisis. 1 Kharas, Pinto, and Ulatov (2001) provide a history from a fundamentalsbased perspective, focusing on taxes and public debt issues. We endeavor to incorporate a role for monetary policy. The speculative attack need not be successful to be dubbed a currency crisis. Burnside, Eichenbaum, and Rebelo (2001)Read MoreUnique Characteristics of Soviet Montage5818 Words   |  24 PagesImpressionist  filmmakers told their stories through fast cutting, including frequent close framings. Inspired by these imports, the young Soviet directors declared that a film s power arose from the combination of shots. Montage seemed to be the way forward for modern cimema. Not all of the young theoreticians agreed on exactly what the Montage approach to editing should be. Pudovkin, for example, believed that shots were like bricks, to be joined together to build a sequence. Eisenstein disagreed, saying thatRead MoreUnique Characteristics of Soviet Montage5818 Words   |  24 PagesImpressionist  filmmakers told their stories through fast cutting, including frequent close framings. Inspired by these imports, the young Soviet directors declared that a films power arose from the combination of shots. Montage seemed to be the way forward for modern cimema. Not all of the young theoreticians agreed on exactly what the Montage approach to editing should be. Pudovkin, for example, believed that shots were like bricks, to be joined together to build a sequence. Eisenstein disagreed, saying thatRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M

Deregulation Deregulation And Deregulation - 1164 Words

Deregulation When the government diminishes or eradicates industry restrictions to improve, the ease of doing business it is called deregulation. This happens when businesses complain the regulation impedes the company s ability to compete, particularly with foreign countries. In addition, a consumer can also promote deregulation when they deem the industry is too comfortable with their regulatory authority (Amadeo, 2014). Nonetheless, the government will enforce regulation in the market if they feel it will be a benefit to society as in the case of public utilities. If these types of services were deregulated, it would increase the cost and the consumer would suffer (Valkonen, 2006). There are three ways deregulation can happen, Congress can vote to abolish the law, an agency can eliminate the regulation, sometimes under Executive Order, or the agency can merely stop enforcing the regulation. Nevertheless, our government will also deregulate a firm if they feel the firm has to larg e of a share in the industry and is charging the consumer unfairly for the product or service they are providing (Amadeo, 2014). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Deregulation When there is lack of competition in a market, it ensures firm s safe future, and large market share. However, the lack of competition also breeds inefficiency, as the firm has no incentive to increase production or invest in innovation to improve upon the product or services they are providing. Only when thereShow MoreRelatedPrivatization And Deregulation Of Privatization1680 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom government intervention (Harvey, 2005, p. 64). From the neoliberal perspective, privatization and deregulation of the economy are the perfect solutions to ensure that â€Å"freedom.† Privatization is the transfer of funds and management from public and governmental institutions to the private sector† (Gilroy Moore, 2010, p. 1). Privatization and deregulation work hand in hand, as deregulation limit government intervention in the private sector. This paper will examine the meaning and implicationsRead MoreEssay about Rail road Deregulation in Eu and Us1605 Words   |  7 PagesRailroad Deregulation in Europe and United States Assignment: By Charmaine Silva TLMT352 Distribution Systems Dr. Carmen K. Mousel, PhD Railroad Deregulation ins EU and US Railways were the leading innovation in the early 19th century, and economic long cycle research (Ayres 1990) has argued it to have sullen the economic wealth in that time (industrialization, and especially steam power, iron and cotton textiles were the enabling factoring in the first approx. 55 year long wave). AfterRead More Airline Deregulation Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has thereRead MoreThe Effects of Deregulation on Global Economy1646 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Thesis: Deregulation has more negative effects on global economy than positive. Deregulation, this word is heard on the news, economists use this word quite often, and government officials are somewhat terrified of this word. What does deregulation mean? Deregulation is the process in which a government may remove or reduce certain restrictions in matters of business to have a more efficient operation of markets. By observing the effects that deregulation can cause on an economy, canRead MoreAirline Deregulation1054 Words   |  5 PagesOn October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has thereRead MoreThe Deregulation Act Of The United States882 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes not relate to airlines profit. Steven A. Morrison, the chair of the Department of Economics at Northeastern University, discusses the deregulation affects in his article. Although he evaluates deregulation to be good for the consumers, he argues that the deregulation act has been detrimental to the airlines despite the increase in load factors. Deregulation has created ever-increasing competition that even after mergers, increased efficiency and load factors, the continuous pressure of keepingRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry wasRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industryRead MoreThe Act Of Texas And The Sunset Advisory Commission ( Sac )1586 Words   |  7 Pages(Gaebler 6). This would mean that RTs along with 18 other programs would not have to hold a state license to practice their craft (Sunset 52). Deregulation may sound like a good idea on paper, however in practice, it is anything but. The potential negative outcomes in the form of patient harm and possible death would far outweigh any benefit. Deregulation of respiratory therapists in Texas began in the government as a proposal, was fought against by those who say the potential danger in the ideaRead MoreA Report On The Taxi Industry1559 Words   |  7 PagesTreasury. As the title of the article indicates, the author found some papers that show the taxi industry in Sydney is over regulated under some regulations, which are regulations of industry structure, quantity, services and prices. The cost of taxi deregulation is lower than taxi regulation. The article shows a conclusion that the productive forces and services revenue would be greater if other rules which restrict taxi services were canceled. The NSW government does not make any changes because of insufficient

Jane Eyre Analysis - 1607 Words

In Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre, the author sets the story in the context of a patriarchal society in the Victorian era. Through the story however, the main character Jane builds relationships with other female characters that allows readers to understand the multifaceted idea of the â€Å"ideal woman† within the a patriarchy. With the relationships Jane has to the characters including Helen Burns, Miss Temple and Blanche Ingram, Brontà « gives her criticisms of the restrictions that these expected gender roles put on women of the time period. Brontà « uses the female characters in her novel and their relationship with or in contrast to Jane to show the confines and consequences that result on women who are subjected to the standard of being an†¦show more content†¦In order to cope, she has draws from an internal form of strength that she derives from an idealistic and childlike take on Christianity. Through Helen, Brontà « seems to be describing a martyr type of character that might have bene expected from women of the time period. Helen was fervent in her religious faith, especially about a Christian afterlife, in a way that made her unreasonably tolerant of any mistreatment in her present life. This might have been a representation of the importance religion played in society, and what was expected of women within a religious context. Brontà « seemed to be designing a character that reflected the social expectations of a proper devout woman in that she was to endure tough times and be obedient towards men or people in positions of authority because of her faith in an afterlife that would repay her for the â€Å"good behaviour.† Her relationship to Jane serves to highlight the differences in character that each girl has. Helen is meek but passionate about her faith whereas Jane is arguably the opposite when it comes to religious faith. In their discussions as to why Helen accepts the abuse by Mr. Brocklehurst and the other teachers, Helen explains that there is a realm of eternal happiness in the afterlife whereas there is only limited time on earth. InShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Jane Austen s Jane Eyre 1049 Words   |  5 PagesWhen Jane left me, to retire, I longed for sleep to overcome me. But it would not. Oh, how I hate when one can not enter into a deep sleep, that is when the deepest, darkest thoughts come to mind. When one has the time to ponder life’s mysteries, to reflect on life’s hardships and when one has the time to reflect on what one should and should not have said. It was long after Jane left me, when my deepest fears, darkest memories and worst secrets came to mind. What if Jane found out? Jane, Jane, loveliesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Jane Eyre 1650 Words   |  7 PagesTamara Ortiz Ms.Cuneo English Period 3 February 29, 2016 Unnoticed Feminism The Author of Jane Eyre is Charlotte Brontà « and she was an English novelist. This novel is known has her masterpiece. In the novel Jane Eyre, the main character is Jane is an orphan, and is missed treated in her early years of life. The author Charlotte Brontà « created a tough character. She forms Jane’s character by the living conditions. By the conditions and Jane’s experiences created her strong personality. She isRead MoreJane Eyre Critical Analysis1063 Words   |  5 Pages1. Title of Work: Jane Eyre. 2. Author’s Name: Charlotte Brontà «. 3. Date of Publication: December 13, 2000. 4. Genre: Bildungsroman, Coming-Of-age. 5. Characteristics of the genre the work does/doesn’t meet: The novel Jane Eyre, by charlotte Brontà «, is about a woman who is an unconventional heroine, because of the fact that she learns how to be strong and fall in love. The book also followed her journey from childhood to adulthood. 6. Setting: Early 1800’s in Northern England, the tone of theRead MoreJane Eyre Character Analysis950 Words   |  4 PagesJane Eyre is one of many characters in literature that readers can show true empathy to. She is an honorable woman, humble and courageous, kind but strong-willed. While many stories rely on imperfect lead protagonists who fail in order to relate to the downtrodden nature of the human condition, Jane is altogether different. She appeals to the nobler parts of one’s self, a part that is equally common to everyone, but by which one is rarely reminded of. Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Brontà « demonstratesRead MoreJane Eyre Character Analysis1064 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s novel, Jane Eyre is the story of an orphaned ten-year-old girl name Jane Eyre, who overcomes abuse and neglect to discover compassion and love. Jane lives with the Reed family at Gateshead Hall, who was despised Jane, and she is bullied by Mrs. Reed and her so n, John. John bullied her when she was reading the book, he threw the book at her head, John tortured Jane mercilessly and cruelly. Jane totally afraid of John, but she didn’t cry and cower under him. She did try to avoidRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1431 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is presented in the Victorian Period of England. It is a novel which tells the story of a childs maturation into adulthood. Janes developing personality has been shaped by her rough childhood. She has been influenced by many people and experiences. As a woman of her time, Jane has had to deal with the strain of physical appearance. This has a great effect on her mental thinking and decision making. Jane Eyres cognitiveRead MorePainting Analysis in Jane Eyre3436 Words   |  14 PagesDrawing a Breath of Fresh Eyre From the opening chapter of Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre the reader becomes aware of the powerful role that art plays. There is something extraordinary about the pictures Jane admires from other artists, as well as the work she creates herself. Her solitary pastime often operates as an outlet of pain, either past or present, and offers her the opportunity to deal with unpleasant emotions and memories. Jane’s art transcends her isolation by bringing her into contactRead MoreAnalysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essays1499 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte Brontà « under the male pseudonym of Currer Bell in 1847. It is a semi autobiography and is a mixture of realism, romance and Gothic. During this time women were seen as beings of inferior status. The plot of Jane Eyre follows a bildungsroman. Janes growth is traced from childhood and innocence to adulthood and maturity. It depicts the story of a woman who is capable of strong emotions andRead MoreAnalysis Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 2054 Words   |  9 Pagessome greater purpose that others may not understand. In contrast, those who represent the id are obsessed with the present and consumed by desire and materialism, resulting in their inevitable self-destruction. In Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s gothic novel, Jane Eyre, Brontà « creates a multitude of characters that represent the extremes of the id and the superego to contrast with Jane’s more balanced, ego-dominated self in order to reveal the dangers of falling out of balance within oneself. In doing so, Brontà «Read MoreLiterary Analysis : Emily, Wuthering Heights, And Jane Eyre924 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis The novels Emma, Wuthering Heights, and Jane Eyre were written by women in the 1800’s. The three writers chose to write and publish their novels under a different name from their own. Emma was written by Jane Austen, and published anonymously in 1815 (Behrens and Rosen 361). Emily Brontà « wrote Wuthering Heights, and was published in 1847 under the name Ellis Bell (Behrens and Rosen 368). The author of Jane Eyre, who was also the sister of Emily Brontà «, was Charlotte Brontà «. This

Hamlet 2 Essay Example For Students

Hamlet 2 Essay In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Two of the characters fathers are brutishly murdered. The first murdered character is King Hamlet who is supposed to be revenge by his son prince Hamlet. The second murder is Polonius who is supposed to be revenged by his sonLaertes. Both Prince Hamlet and Laertes go to seek revenge for the death of fathers, however they will each use different methods to accomplish their deeds. Prince Hamlet has a meeting with the dead ghost of his father King Hamlet. King Hamlets ghost reveals to his son, his murder by his brother Claudius. Hamlet is informed by his father that heneeds to be avenged by the death of his brother Claudius. By this time Claudius has already ascended the throne, and married Hamlets mother Queen Gertrude. Hamlet decides to take a passive approach to avenge his father. Hamlet first decides to act abnormal which does notaccomplish much besides warning his uncle that he might know he killed his father. Later in the play a troop of actors come to act out a play, and Hamlet has them reenact the murder of is father in front of his uncle Claudius. The actors murder scene also make Hamlet question himself about the fact that he has done nothing yet to avenge his father. Hamlet says But am I Pigeon-livered and lack gall / To make oppression bitter, or ere this / I should ha fatted all the region kites / With this slaves offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! ( Act II scene 2 page 84 line 577- 580 ). During the play Hamlet watches is uncle Claudius to see his reaction when the actors perform the murder scene. Hamlet plan works his uncle throws a fit and runs out the room, where Hamlet goes after him. When Hamlet catches up to his uncle his uncle is kneeling down praying, and Hamlet pulls out his sword and gets ready to kill him. But all the sudden Hamlet changes his mind because if he kills his uncle while hes praying he will go to heaven, and Hamlet wants him to go to hell. So hamlet postpones the execution of his uncle. The next confrontation does not happen till the end of the book when Hamlet escapes from his uncles ill murder attempt on hislife. Hamlet later sword fences with Laertes. All the sudden Hamlets mother Queen Gertrude drinks a poison glass intended for Hamlet. When Hamlet is not looking Laertes stabs him with a poison sword then Hamlet takes hold of the poisoned sword, and stabs Laertes with it. As this happens Queen Gertrude dies from the poison drink. As Laertes lays down dying he reveals to Hamlet that his uncle King Claudius was behind it all, the poisoned sword and drink that has just killed his mother. Hamlet then in a fit of rage runs his uncle through with the poison sword. Hamlet has now finally revenged his father through much time then after his task is completed he finally collapses from the poison on the sword. Polonius is murdered by Hamlet when Polonius his discovered listening to Hamlet, and his mothers Queen Gertrude conversation . Hamlet unknowing of who the person behind the tapestry is, kills Polonius from where he was spying. When news of his fathers death reaches Poloniuss son Laertes, he comes back with an entourage to seek revenge for his fathers death. In this conversation Laertes believes Hamlets uncle King Claudius is responsible for his fathers death. How came he dead? Ill not be juggled with. / To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! / Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! / I dare damnation. .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .postImageUrl , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:hover , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:visited , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:active { border:0!important; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:active , .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8 .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4121e57ccab3e33a573b461f5da3a5f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet Brutal Truth Essay To this point I stand, / Thatboth the worlds I give to negligence, / Let come what comes, only Ill be revenged / Most thoroughly for my father. ( Act IV scene 5 page 134 line 133-139 ) Laertes takes a more aggressive stand point than Hamlet Laertes is ready to kill the king right away thinking that hemurdered his father. But king Claudius tells Laertes that Hamlet is the one who killed his father. King Claudius also finds out that Hamlet has escape the trap that he setup to get him murdered. So King Claudius sets up another plan with Laertes. This plan calls for Hamlet and Laertes to have a mock sword fight, but Laertes will be using a real poisoned sword. Laertes agrees with this, ready to claim Hamlets life for his fathers vile murder. When the sword fight begins Hamletis winning, but Laertes gets frustrated and stabs Hamlet when he is not looking with the poisoned sword. After Laertes stabs Hamlet, Hamlet then turns around and manages to take the sword from Laertes and stabs Laertes with it. Although Laertes dies first he accomplishes his purpose because Hamlet will die shortly from the poison on the sword. In this play Hamlet by William Shakespeare these two characters Hamlet and Laertes both seek to revenged their slayed fathers. Hamlet with is passive and scheming approach manages to kill his fathers murder his uncle Claudius. Laertes with his direct, and forceful dedication slays his fathers killer Prince Hamlet. Altough Laertes took a much more direct approach than Hamlet wasting no time, they both however accomplished their goal but at the ultimate price of both theirlives!

Handbook on History of European Banks †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Handbook on History of European Banks. Answer: Introduction: The Swiss National Bank is Switzerland`s central bank that is accountable for any monetary policy in that country and issues Swiss currency bank notes (Munn, 1995).In 2015,the Swiss National Bank decided to withdraw its hedging strategy. A hedging strategy is a type of investment that would help protect finances from risky situations that would bring about losses to the invested currency (Amadeo, 2017).The strategies help derives value from the invested stock which happens to be the real asset. The Euro had formed a downward curve since its main central bank was struggling to deal with the wavering economies. At the same time, the Swiss franc looked more appealing for investment since more people were looking for a safer place to channel their funds during the economic turmoil. So the bank decided to de-peg the franc. There was a belief that the Swiss franc is overseen by a more practical, stable regime and a dominant bank that did not have any debt troubles that were being experienced all over the Eurozone. The weakening of euro and strengthening of Swiss franc caused the bank to make a choice to de-peg as a way to manage risks through hedging strategies. To make the Swiss economy cheaper for its consumers. This would mean that the value of the Swiss currency increases within its boundaries. When the currency had been pegged, the exchange rates were too high. It needed to regain its former glory in the international markets. We see that after the Swiss franc was pegged to the Euro, the Swiss franc became greatly overvalued. Even the bank had to increase its liquidity supply to the Switzerland money market. Overvaluing of currency creates an unfavorable environment for the investors and exporters. The deflationary cycle created. When the Swiss franc became overvalued, this reduced consumer prices as a whole. Consumers realized this, and they started to reduce their purchasing habits waiting for the prices to lower in the near future. When products and goods are not purchased within Switzerland, it is not good for its local industry. These strategies help both the exporters and domestic firms protect their currency against volatility and reduce any losses accrued from currency movement. Below are hedging strategies used by exporters and domestic firms. This type of hedging strategy shifts exchange risk to the other parties. It is characterized by dominance in payables and receivables in the domestic currency. However, if the currency in question is not globally accepted, it can lead to decrease in the bargaining power of the company or reduce the customer base. Sometimes the well-accepted currency globally uses the vehicle currency which does not give the domestic currency or its counterparty`s currency an upper hand. Either way, the choice of favorable currency is based on stability and liquidity as well as transactional costs. (IMF Center, 2015) This involves adjusting the domestic currency to that of foreign currency so as to include any future fluctuations in the markets. This reduces a company`s competitiveness in entire international markets which results in a drop in sales. This is where matching of operations occurs. It includes fitting closely amount and time of receivables as well as payables resulting in minimal net exposure. This could only bring profits to any company if aggressive finance or favorable treasury function and adequate IT systems are present. This is close to matching strategy, but the difference is that it matches subsidiaries and cash flows. Netting requires that any type of transactions is put in a specific and single treasury center for matching to reduce any exposure risk to foreign exchange. This is the bigger picture of netting strategy that involves timing alternation relating to cash flows in order to eliminate transaction exposure through taking advantage of satisfactory exchange rates (Antoci 2015) .Leading is marked by accelerating receivables and payments where expectations, as well as volatility, are considered. Lagging is the vice versa of this. Conclusion Observing what happened to the Swiss National Bank, it is better for any market to assume that instability in FOREX markets will still remain high. The volatility can wipe out any competitive advantage that a certain currency has. So whenever a company invests in a certain market, it is good to have in mind and implement proper exchange rate hedging mechanisms to avoid major calamities resulting from the volatility of currency. Issues of demand change, payment flows and competition in the market need to consider. Putting in place the above hedging strategies would have helped any exporter or domestic firm in Switzerland when the Swiss National Bank decided to either peg or de-peg from the Euro. They would not have been adversely affected by the changes in the economy. (Ulrich) Mostly, this strategy is used in investments in stock index futures as well as a market dominated by local currency. It is entirely vulnerable to money risks.(Konishi Dattatreya, 1996). This is a strategy accustomed to interest level differentials. The Covered Interest Rate Parity principle that supports this strategy states that the forward exchange rates must have the different interest rates for the said countries to have an arbitrage strategy. This is a market strategy where an item can be purchased in a certain market and traded concurrently in another to create returns from price differences amid the two markets. In this case, the U.S interest rate is 5.5%, and that of Euro is 2% (Picardo, 2018) This means that the U.S has a higher interest rate for it to trade with Euro with a lower interest rate due to the forward rate. So ABC`s decision to retain their payment in the Eurozone will not earn them a lot of interest. This is a strategy for putting in place mechanisms against foreign exchange risk. It uses financial market and money market where high liquid, short-term instruments that include banker`s acceptances and treasury bills are traded. This type of hedging strategy is also customized to exact dates and amounts. However, it is complicated since it is usually a step by step method. Placing loans figures and deposits its tiresome. The ABC Company that has exported expects 50 million to be paid. Currently, the spot rate is at $1.10, and yet in a year`s time, it will be $1.13. The annual interest rate in the U.S is higher than that of the Eurozone. For the company not to lose, it should use this strategy as follows; It should borrow the 50 million from Eurozone. Then let the money earn interest from the eurozone. 50,0001.022=51100 then converts using the spot rate; 511001. 10=56210.Then the resulting amount is deposited at an interest rate of 5.5% where the interest earned will be $30915.5 which can be used to pay the loan. The company wont have made any loss. So this is the most favorable strategy. This optional hedging involves speculation and hedging itself as an option also. In speculation, one is not limited to earning profits only when markets are high. Profits can also be made when markets go down or remain constant. Here, money can be made or lost. When a company is choosing a certain option, it has to know the direction of general stock as well as the time it moves and make the right move. There is the risk of being wrong. Hedging among the options is an investment strategy whereby ABC Company can restrict its downside but still enjoy benefits of upside fully in a very cost-effective manner. The money market hedge strategy is the best because the company can borrow a loan, deposit it to earn interest enough to repay the loan and still get its payment for the exported goods. References Amadeo, K. 2017, the balance. Retrieved from;https://www.thebalance.com/kimberly-amadeo-3305455 (Accessed March 22, 2018). Antoci, V., 2015. Managing transaction exposure in MNCs. Retrieved from; https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/104281/Vitalie%20Antoci%20-%20Transaction%20Exposure.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y (accessed March 22, 2018) Ulrich, S. n.d. SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE retrieved from; https://www.s-ge.com/en/contact/ulrich-hinterberger (accessed March 22, 2018). Munn, C.W., 1995. Handbook on the History of European Banks. Business History, 37(4), pp.121-123. Retrieved from; https://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE|A17526686sid=googleScholarv=2.1it=rlinkaccess=fulltextissn=00076791p=AONEsw=wauthCount=1isAnonymousEntry=true (accessed March 22, 2018). https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/104281(accessed March 22, 2018) IMF Center. February. 2015, All about money. Retrieved from; https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2015/eng/wwd-lending.htm (accessed March 22, 2018)

Impairment Of Asset Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impairment Of Asset For An Indiviual. Answer: IAS 36 talks about Impairment of assets This specific customary standard must be practical in secretarial for the mutilation or impairment of all type of property excepts current stock, any type of property which instigates from any structure of constructions or any type of construction .economic assets, or any possessions which is actually related with AAS Deferred taxation.. We can say that losses related to deficiency or any damage can only be documented if the property value is more than the worth that can be improved when the property is being sold off. The sum that can be easily recovered is only documented when individual asset.is sold Impairment of assets applies to land, plant and machinery, goodwill, any property that is intangible, or any assets at amounts that is revalue under the standard of Property Plant and Equipment. Recoverable amount can be easily taken out by calculating the highest of the following Net selling price: It is the marketing price any firm gets by marketing the asset in the marketplace. Value in use: It can be resolute by the current value of the projected flow of cash in upcoming from the unceasing use of the property. The amount that will be recognised as recoverable shall be the highest among the two.. The standard also gives us the belief of how to converse the losses associated to damage and also it has given convinced discoveries that are required for issuance of monetary statements. Any business have this liability to check if the individual asset needs any impairment or not. It is actually the responsibility of the company to see whether any asset needs any impairment or not. IT should follow appropriate Australian Accounting standards related to impairment of assets Setback Of Impairment Loss For An Indiviual Asset If any loss that was written off in to compressive account, then any reversal or set back will be recognised as an income in the monetary statements immediately. . If any loss related to impairment was being attuned with the Revaluation Reserves then any damage or loss will be written back to the accounts of reserves with the amount it was adjusted. Any extra money gained will be recognised as revenue. It is also to be noted that any increased carrying amount of any property due to reversal of any damage should not actually exceed carrying amount of the property that will be determined had no damage that has been recognised for the asset in previous periods. Any increase in value of the property is actually seen by AAS 116 Property , plant and equipment Any reversal of any damage is recognised the depreciation for that particular asset should actually be accustomed in the forthcoming periods to allocate the property revised amount of the asset (carrying) minus any scrap or residual value on a basis over the life of the asset. IAS 36 requires that, if conceivable, weakening or damage should be restrained for separate assets. If the sum that is recoverable cannot be firm for the individual asset, the unit panels the carrying amount of the component that is cash producing to which the benefit or the asset goes or fits in to .Unit that is cash manufacturing is the least familiar group of belongings that crops cash influxes that are mostly autonomous of the cash influxes from other properties or groups of possessions or assets (IAS 36, 2017) (Wells, 2017) . If any of the suggestion the business is seeing or estimating then the corporation should estimate the quantity that is recoverable of the asset.. The idea of risk arises whether or not any injury related to impairment in the period impairment have to be reversed and the sum that have to be recoverable relating to the asset if resolute (IFRS Discussion Group, 2017) A hindrance or setback of losses related to damage for a cash creating component will be owed to increase the amount of the property Firstly it will be distributed to asset ex according to lading goodwill on pro rata basis of the propertys amount ( carrying) Then it will be billed to the goodwill payable to units of cash producing. (Earnst Young, 2017). . The outstanding useful life of the asset, the devaluation or repayment if any technique or the remaining price have to be swotted and accustomed. If some type of certain suggestion exist which indicates weakening will continue to no exist, even if we see no weakening loss is there. IAS 36 unambiguously forbids the setback of losses related to impairment related to goodwill In US GAAP, the obstruction of earlier documented harms or impairment of asset is forbidden for on-going assets which comprises of intangibles having some predetermined life to be held and castoff, which includes any damage reported for indefinite-lived intangibles and goodwill. For detailed types of properties the enterprise or the company should reveal : The amount of the losses associated to weakening unveiled in the income and loss declaration and also the line matters of the profit and loss account on which losses connected to damage are comprised(Standard, 2017) Any setbacks related to weakening losses are also unveiled in the compressive statement of accounts and also the line items of the accounts in which losses related to impairment are included Losses of impairment known directly against re-examination excess throughout the dated period The amount of setback of losses related to damage recognised directly in the modification surplus according to the given era. References Earnest Young. (2017).Impairment of assets [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Impairment_accounting_the_basics_of_IAS_36_Impairment_of_Assets/$FILE/Impairment_accounting_IAS_36.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017] IFRS Discussion Group (2017).IAS 36 [online] Available at: https://www.frascanada.ca/international-financial-reporting-standards/ifrs-discussion-group/search-past-meeting-topics/item77057.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017] Standard (2017).IAS 36 [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias36 [Accessed 9th April. 2017] IFRS foundation(2017).IAS 36 [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/IFRS-for-SMEs/Documents/Module%2027_version2012-08_Impairment%20of%20Assets.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017] US GAAP . (2017).Impairment of assets [online] Available at: https://rsmus.com/pdf/ifrs_impairment_of_long_lived_assets.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017] Wells, P (2017).Evolution of Asset [online] Available at: https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/ACCDG_Aut15Sem_D.Bond_.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017] IAS 36 (2017).Impairment of assets [online] Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/reporting/reporting-ifrsfactsheet-impairment-of-assets.pdf?la=en [Accessed 9th April. 2017]. IAS 36 (2017).Impairment of assets [online] Available at: https://www.frascanada.ca/international-financial-reporting-standards/resources/unaccompanied-ifrss/item45641.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017]

Performance Management One Part of Human

Introduction Performance management is a pivotal aspect that determines the wellbeing of any structurally organized organization. This paper presents a succinct analysis of performance management areas, strategies of improving it, and examination of integrated processes that helps people deliver performance as either individual or as a team.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Management: One Part of Human specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Performance management Performance management undergoes planning and integration methods that that convey continued success to institutions by improving the output of people and by growing the potential of individual contributors and groups (Rynes, Colbert Brown 2002). It is not an individual person or teams function but rather involve the managers and the employees working together for a common goal. The process involves the stakeholders sitting down to categorize and illustrate the job tasks and tie them to the assignment and goals of the organization. This enables the organization to come up with realistic goals in an attempt to attain the requisite implementation standards. Furthermore, it helps improve the employee work performance. It is however, noteworthy to take a cursory look at the word ‘performance’ to have a firm grasps of the entire topic. Indeed, performance is a distinct area within the behavioral and social sciences industrial psychology that recognizes performance as perhaps its ultimate variable if not its raison d’etre (Martin Bartol 1998). Therefore, job performance is arguably the most important dependent variable in occupational and industrial organizational psychology. However, what is lacking is the understanding of the literature about the construct job performance (Greiling 2007; Rynes, Colbert Brown 2002). According to a research conducted in Watson Wyatt class in 2006, only 30% of the employees be lieve the performance review system in their company’s help employees improve performance. This raises a very important question about how performance management helps improve performance in any company. Furthermore, it is fundamental to evaluate the gist of the result and consider if it is representative of most organization to assist in the analysis of this management function in an organization to decide if it is a necessary component.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, performance management is the means of pigeonholing, appraising, and developing the performance of individuals and teams working toward a goal. Thereafter, the performance of the individuals aligns with the strategic goals of the organization. Performance management varies significantly with performance appraisal in that whereas it is possible for the line manager to calculate performance manag ement based on business deliberation and is usually an ongoing process, performance appraisal is a function of the human resources department in an endeavor to explore the forte and flaws of employees within the organization (Martin Bartol 1998). An organization undertakes performance appraisal once a year and lacks the continuing feedback reminiscent with performance management. Performance management is a valuable tool in any organization for instance; it assists clarify the definition of jobs to the employees as well as spelling out the criteria in which the management will consider before settling to do a given job. In addition, it increases the motivation to perform among the employees, and their self-esteem as well. Performance management enables the managers to convey the supervisors’ views on the company’s performance more effectively. Consequently, this enables the managers gain insight into individual aptitude of the specific employees, thus enabling the man agement make a better and timelier separation between good or poor performers (Rynes, Colbert Brown 2002). The human resources function also benefits from the performance management because it helps the section to elucidate the organizational objectives hence facilitating change in the institution. Consequently, the company will gain protection from any lawsuits that may ensue because of ill-treatment of employees. Nevertheless, the success of performance management system will sale up output and feedback if it is implementation process is effective and timely. A poorly implemented performance management system has its share of disadvantages for instance; it can make the employees develop low sense of worth particularly if tackling employees’ problems is not expediently. Moreover, it can lead to exhaustion and estranged relationship between employees in the organization (Greiling 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Management: One Part o f Human specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manager may experience increased revenue and decreased impetus from the employees as well as unjust demands on managers’ resources. The human resources department will dissipate much of its time mostly in internal squabbles, especially if there is some relationship strain between employees. In addition, some forms of biases will emerge in the organization a consequence of which leads to increase in risk of litigation. The advantages of the performance management system clearly indicate that it is an invaluable tool for the success of any company to embrace (Martin Bartol 1998). Nevertheless, the only objective of performance management system is not to increase results in the organization. Other benefits accrue with the implementation of the system. An example is the incentives in which both the employees and managers benefit from. A rewards system is a set of system for distributin g concrete returns and intangible or relational returns as part of the employment relationship (Rynes, Colbert Brown 2002). Intangible returns include improvement of an employee’s base pay, reduction of his cost of living for instance free transport for the employees, and provision of other motivational incentives like income protection for the employees, provision of sufficient allowances to cater for the employees growing needs, and a work life focus. Intangible rewards involve the acknowledgment and standing order that a person receives, guarantee of employment security, constant provision of challenging work thus provision of learning opportunities to the employees. Nevertheless, the returns that employees receive vary in terms of its dependency on performance management system from low, moderate to high dependency. The cost of living and the employee’s income protection have a very low dependence on income protection, whereas the works focus, the allowances that an employee receives, and his or her base pay has a moderate dependency on return. The factors that exhibit high dependence on the performance management returns are the short term and long-term goals as well as the contingent payment. Indeed, this enables employees to view themselves as part of the organization and scale up the company’s vision because the growth of the company will be in correspondence with their individual growth.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The performance managements system has its purpose that varies in the diverse aspects of the organization. The strategic purpose of the performance management is to tie the ambitions of an individual with those of the organization. This will lead consequently to job satisfaction in the employee’s part and the organization meeting its aspirations. In addition, this would be a vital tool for that particular organization to utilize when communicating the most crucial strategic enterprises that it wishes to undertake. In relation to the administrative function of the organization, performance management provides crucial information for making of decision such as whether or not to regulate the employees’ salaries, to terminate an underperforming employee, to lay off some of them, or to recognize individuals in the organization for their commendable performance. These are the most important aspect of performance management (Rynes, Colbert Brown 2002). Performance management has an informational purpose for the organization. It helps communicate to the employees the expectations of the organization from the employees, be it dress code, attendance or product quality, it serves these functions. Moreover, it enables the employees understand what is paramount for the organization to accomplish, the organizations goals and aspirations. In addition, it enables the employees know how they are doing in the business and how to improve their performance to meet the company’s objectives. The documentation purpose of performance management is to enable the organization have a performance response as well as identification of individual strengths and weaknesses. This will help the organization have a thorough look at the organizations performance deficiencies. Consequently, such institutions would be able to tailor the development of an individuals’ career path based on the individual’s aptitude (Martin Bartol 1998). Performance management hel ps in organization maintenance by planning an effective workforce and assessing the organizations future training needs to enable it meet its strategic targets. Performance management also assists in analyzing the performance of the company at the organization level as well as the intercession of the human resources department in matters pertaining to the organization (Cadwell Clapham 2003). At the documentation level, performance management assists in the validation of the selection instrument so that the company can clarify in future if its selection criteria met the requisite standards. Moreover, it helps in the documentation of administrative decision so that it acts as a future reference in case the management wants to look back at the strength of its past performance. This criterion indeed helps the organization in meeting the legal requirements and avoids any litigation that may arise thereafter. This consequently helps the organization be in a stable relation both internall y and with the external environment. Some characteristics are typical of an ideal performance management system. Some of those characteristics simulate features of an organizational strategy. A performance management system should be in harmony with organizational strategy. Moreover, this will need alignment with the unit and organizational goals so that the company can work as a coherent unit with the overall function of the company taken into consideration at every level of the organization (Rodgers Hunter 1991). In addition, the system should be thorough so that there is evaluation of all the employees. This will also ensure that all the chief job responsibilities within the organization gain evaluation (London 2004). Consequently, the company should come up with reactions on both the positive and negative aspects within the company. The system need not only be in details but also realistic such that it is easy for every personnel to use the system. Furthermore, the system shoul d be acceptable to the decision makers because the company is largely dependent on their output. It is however, paramount that the benefits of the system outweigh the cost used in implementing it. Otherwise, the whole venture will be a virtual wastage of funds (London 2004). The system need also be reliable so that decisions made from it are accurate hence enabling the decision makers make informed projection. In this regard, the system should be consistent such that the system should not resent a number of options or decisions based on similar problems. Furthermore, the system should be free of error. There are however, some characteristics the company desires when it is developing a performance management system. Indeed, an ideal performance management system should be acceptable and fair. The basis is on the perception of justice when instituting such measures. Under this premise, there is evaluation of a person based on the work he or she performs so that the reward he or she re ceives is commensurate to the work performed. Furthermore, determination of fairness will depend on the level of the procedures used, for instance, in determining the ratings of the employees, and linking the rating to the rewards that a person receives. The performance management process has its prerequisites that determine how effective it will be in assisting the companies achieve the goals it desires. An example is knowledge of the organizational mission and strategic goals. Knowledge entails many things for instance strategic goals. Under this ambit is the purpose and reason for which the organization is in existence. Moreover, there is a critical look at the direction the organization is taking and if this is in line with the organization’s goals (Cadwell Clapham 2003). The company does this while putting in mind the strategies for attaining the set standards. Knowledge of the organizations missions and goals is another vital component. This knowledge cascades througho ut the organizations such that the employees are conversant with the goals of the whole organization as well as those of specific units. Another salient precondition of the performance management process is the knowledge of the job in question. This is a multi-dimensional task and involves analysis of the key components within the organization for instance the activities within the organization and the tasks that one ought to undertake. Moreover, the organization needs to have the awareness of the processes that take place. To do this, they need to be aware of the knowledge s, skills, and abilities necessary to do the job. This brings forth the issue of job satisfaction and a clear understanding of where a problem arises from because the management can clearly indicate the individuals responsible before undertaking a specific task (London 2004; Rodgers Hunter 1991). Job description is a necessary component of the performance management process. Accordingly, the duties of the employ ees should be spelt out in a clear manner to include the condition under which they should undertake the job. After undertaking the job description, another important aspect involves job analysis. Basically, job analysis involves gaining an understanding of the job and how it is fairing on, the experience needed, its contribution to the organization’s growth, and other minor aspects unique to it. This is achievable through interviews, observation, and questionnaires circulation within the company for filling if qualified. The job does not get done after undertaking the job analysis. Indeed, there should be some follow-up on the job analysis, for example, a thorough assessment of all the surfacing issues and providing feedback on how to tackle it (Yang 2000). The organization should do this in accordance with the task, the frequency is undertaken and the importance attached to the task. The next stage in performance management process is performance planning. Performance plann ing is done in three stages, namely, analyzing the key accountabilities, the specific objectives, and the performance standards of the organization. The key accountabilities are the extensive areas within the organization for which the employee is accountable for providing results whereas the specific goals are the statements of outcomes both significant and measurable (Borman 1991). Last, performance standards provide a criterion within which the organization will achieve each objective. In this case, the company brings to the fore the information that is acceptable and those unacceptable in terms of the quality, the quantity, the cost and, the time (Yang 2000). Under the performance planning, the organization will have to analyze the behaviors within plan for instance how well the job is done and the competencies requirement. Competencies involving measuring the measurable bunch of knowledge, skill and, abilities of the employees, and determining how the desired results are possib le to achieve based on the available skills. The plan plays a critical role in identifying areas for development and the goals that are achievable in each area of improvement (London 2004). Performance planning indeed is intertwined with strategic planning. Strategic planning explains the organizations objective by evaluating the obstacles before selecting the best approach for moving forward. Moreover, strategic planning entails coming up with a goal where the organizations resources allocation takes place to provide the organization with a competitive edge (Borman 1991). The purpose of strategic planning is to help define the identity of the organization and assist the organization prepare for the future. This allows the organization to put new alternatives and opportunities into consideration. Strategic planning entails an environmental analysis whereby the internal and external trends within the organization undergo analysis to understand the industry issues, and arrive at a dec ision after a thorough outlook of the organization (Rodgers Hunter 1991). The external trends involve tacking a critical look at the opportunities available to the organization to ensure its success and the threats that bedevil it. Some of the external trends involve the political, social, competitors and, technological factors. On the other hand, internal weaknesses that can hinder the company’s ability to succeed include the organizations’ structure, the organization culture, politics, processes and, size. Therefore, an understanding of this aspect assists the organization to come up with means of controlling its influence thus, bringing stability (Yang 2000). A very important aspect of strategic planning is the gap analysis. Gap analysis involve analyzing the external environment Vis a Vis the internal environment of the organization. This provides critical information for the company to enable it decide who they are and what they do. A good strategic plan should h ave a mission. Accordingly, a good mission statement explains why the organization exists, the scope of the organizations activities, the organizations customers, and the product or services it offers. Every strategic plan must set goals with a purpose of making the expected achievements of the organization formal. Moreover, it provides impetus for the employees, and helps provide concrete targets for the organization (Ghorpade, 2000). Consequently, this provides a platform where the organization can make good decisions. Furthermore, it enables the organization develop a basis for performance measurement. The organization makes the strategic planning factor efficient by developing strategies on how to address the salient issues affecting the organization for instance the issue of growth, survival, turnaround, stability, modernization, and leadership. The human resources function helps in this case by communicating the knowledge of the strategic plan to the employees. Moreover, it pr ovides information on the knowledge, skill and, ability necessary for the implementation of the strategic plan (Ghorpade, 2000). This it does by proposing a reward system in the organization for best performing employees. Conclusion There is a need to measure the effectiveness of the performance management functions to the organization because the desired results are not always visible immediately yet there is a need to understand if the company is on the right track. Measuring the performance of a company is not always an east task because people differ. Moreover, some characteristics that make employees effective are not always measurable. Consequently, the best approach in use is to determine the performance by inferring behavior for instance good performance infers good behavior in the organization. There are however, three determinants of performance for example, the inherent traits of individual employees, the employees understanding of what the job entails, and motivation. Th erefore, the employees should be given encouragement to approach performance with a goal of getting good results. Nonetheless, managers need information correctly to identify and address performance problems. The performance of an individual is however, measured in terms of his or her task performance outcome. The basis is on their output based on the laid down procedure as well as their pro-social behavior, for instance encouraging others to perform better. Measurement criteria depend on the trait of the employee, how well they do their job and what they produce. The obvious challenges notwithstanding, performance management system is an important function to any organization hence it should be embraced mainly because it brings an understanding and coherence between the managers and the employees. References List Borman, WC 1991, â€Å"Job behavior, performance, and effectiveness†, in MD Dunnette LM Hough (eds), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Consulti ng Psychologists Press, Pal Alto, CA, pp. 271-326. Cadwell, C Clapham, SE 2003, ‘Organizational Trustworthiness: an International Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 43, pp. 349-364. Ghorpade, J 2000, ‘Managing the five paradoxes of 360-degree feedback’, Academy of Management Executive, vol. 14, no.1, pp. 140-150. Greiling, D 2007, ‘Trust and Performance Management in Non-Profit Organizations’, The Innovation Journal: Public Sector Innovation Journal, vol. 12, no.3, pp. 155-51. London, M 2004, ‘Performance management and assessment: methods for improved rater accuracy and employee goal setting’, Human Resource Management, vol. 43, no.4, pp. 319–336. Martin, DD Bartol, KM 1998, ‘Performance appraisal: Maintaining system effectiveness’, Public Personnel Management, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 223–230. Rodgers, R, Hunter, J E 1991, ‘Impact of management by objectives on organizational productivity ’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 76, pp. 322-336. Rynes, SL, Colbert, AE Brown, KG 2002, ‘HR professionals’ beliefs about effective human resource practices: Correspondence between research and practice’, Human Resource Management, vol. 41, pp. 149–174. Yang, J 2000, ‘Thoughts on some essential issues about performance evaluation’, Chinese Journal of Management Science, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 610-627. 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